Miguel enriquez biografia: Movimiento de izquierda revolucionaria (chile)
cultura afropuertorriqueña: AfroPuertorriqueños: Capitán Miguel Henríquez
AfroPuertorriqueños: Capitán Miguel Henríquez
Capitán Miguel Henríquez (c.1680-17?), Puerto Rico (17? -18?), Un antiguo pirata que Puerto Rico se convirtió en la primera Negro militar héroe cuando él organizó una fuerza expedicionaria que combatieron y derrotaron a los británicos en la isla de Vieques. Capitán Henriques fue recibido como un héroe nacional cuando volvió la isla de Vieques al Imperio español y al gobernador de Puerto Rico. Se le concedió «La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie» y la Corona Española le nombró «Capitán de los Mares» la adjudicación de él una patente de corso y represalias que le concedió los privilegios de un corsario.
Enríquez debe haber sido el segundo o el tercer personaje identificado como boricua por cronistas de los siglos siguientes al inicio de la colonización en 1508. Resulta que 150 años después de comenzar la colonización aparecieron los primeros boricuas en la historia. El Mulato Enríquez era hombre de pelo en pecho. Era zapatero, pero tenía aspiraciones náuticas. De algún medio se valió para adquirir un barco, lo armó con cañones por los dos costados y solicitó del Rey una patente de corso. La patente lo autorizaba a ejercer el corso en alta mar, a asaltar navíos de naciones enemigas y a quedarse con la mitad del botín logrado en el asalto. Corsario era un pirata con permiso pa’robar.
El Francis Drake boricua se hizo a la mar, cañoneó las naves que encontró a su paso y dividió a «güitimitad» los beneficios de sus primeras correrías con el Rey. Y después de las primeras, vinieron las segundas, las terceras y un buen día comprobó que tenía, aparte de una flotilla de naves corsarias, más doblones, pesos, reales y maravedíes que lo que podía contar. Además de riquezas sin cuento, poseía título de Caballero y reconocimiento como Capitán de Mar y Guerra de la Armada, conferidos por Su Majestad, el Rey.
Miguel Enríquez era católico devoto. Adquirió una vasta cultura gracias a la Iglesia y mostró su agradecimiento con donaciones para escuelas donde se enseñara a los niñitos a leer, escribir, contar y santiguarse.
Además de sostener filantropías, su cuantioso capital le permitió establecer empresas que dominaron los negocios en su época. Pasó, pues, lo que frecuentemente ocurre en comunidades donde la riqueza ajena, en lugar de emulación, suscita envidias y resentimientos. «La persona más importante que dio la Isla en el siglo 18», que «llenó con su vida y obra el primer tercio de la centuria», según explica Angel López Cantos, historiador, se convirtió en el individuo más odiado por la elite «Fue atacado con saña y sin piedad… hasta el punto de haber sido encarcelado en varias ocasiones. Su última hora le llegó en el Convento de Santo Tomás, donde se había refugiado para evitar de nuevo la prisión».
Entrada más reciente
Entrada antigua
Inicio
Suscribirse a:
Enviar comentarios (Atom)
Biografía de Miguel Enríquez se lanzó en la Universidad de Chile
Biografía de Miguel Enríquez se lanzó en la Universidad de Chile
- Inicio
- Noticias
Noticias
Más noticias
Más noticias
Biografía de Miguel Enríquez se lanzó en la Universidad de Chile
Programa impulsado por la Facultad de Gobierno
Alumnos de Ciencia Política asesoraron a varias instituciones en 2022
El Servicio Electoral de Chile (SERVEL), el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), el Instituto Internacional para la Democracia y Asistencia Electoral (IDEA) y la Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados fueron las instituciones que participaron en el Programa de Asesoría Integral en Asuntos Públicos durante 2022.
La iniciativa, impulsada por la Facultad de Gobierno de la Casa de Bello, tiene como objetivo que instituciones vinculadas con asuntos públicos puedan solicitar un equipo asesor de estudiantes de cuarto año de las carreras de Administración Pública o Ciencia Política, bajo la supervisión de una/un docente.
Continuar leyendo
Alimentación, deporte y salud preventiva
Programa «Envejecimiento Activo y Saludable» en Chiloé mostró avances
El doctor Luis Berr, quien encabeza el trabajo, acompañado de otros actores involucrados del mundo público y privado, visitaron a la Rectora Devés para presentar cómo se ha establecido la iniciativa en la comuna de la isla de Chiloé, donde ya se han promovido acciones referentes a alimentación, deporte y salud preventiva.
Continuar leyendo
Programación enero 2023
Plataforma Cultural convoca a su oferta de actividades gratuitas
Funciones de cine, talleres y conversatorios forman parte de la parrilla de actividades gratuitas que el proyecto universitario ofrecerá a las y los vecinos de la capital, así como a estudiantes, académicos y académicas y funcionarios y funcionarias de la U. de Chile. Todo partirá el próximo jueves 5 de enero con el taller «Tejido mapuche: Ngeluan ojo de guanaco».
Continuar leyendo
Proceso de Admisión 2023
U. de Chile ofrecerá visitas guiadas por sus facultades
En el marco de la Semana de las y los Postulantes, que se extenderá desde el 3 al 5 de enero, la Universidad de Chile dispondrá de visitas guiadas por sus campus, una iniciativa que busca acercar a las y los futuros estudiantes a las distintas facultades de la Casa de Bello.
Algunas saldrán desde el mismo evento central que se realizará en la Facultad de Economía y Negocios y otras funcionarán llegando directamente a la unidad académica correspondiente.
Continuar leyendo
Alimentación en tiempos de inflación:
Especialistas U. de Chile entregan consejos para la cena de año nuevo
Con un Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) acumulado por sobre el 13% en lo que va del 2022, la cena de año nuevo se ve limitada para gran parte de las familias del país. En este contexto, académicos y académicas de la Universidad de Chile entregan recomendaciones para cuidar la alimentación y el bolsillo este fin de año.
Continuar leyendo
Bajo la dirección del maestro Rodolfo Saglimbeni
Sinfónica Nacional celebrará sus 82 años con obra “Titán” de Mahler
La orquesta de mayor trayectoria del país iniciará este 2023 celebrando un nuevo año de vida, con un programa que contempla la primera sinfonía escrita por el alabado músico austrohúngaro, además de una obra del destacado compositor chileno-croata, Aliocha Solovera.
Entradas disponibles a través de la plataforma ticketplus.cl y en la boletería del Teatro Universidad de Chile, con descuentos de hasta 40% para estudiantes y adultos mayores.
Continuar leyendo
Del 3 al 5 de enero de 2023
Semana de postulación Uchile tendrá charlas híbridas de orientación
Para que nadie se quede fuera, la U. de Chile ofrecerá conversatorios informativos, tanto para quienes estén de manera presencial en la Semana de las y los Postulantes como para quienes accedan vía Zoom desde cualquier parte de Chile o el mundo. Desde orientaciones para elegir una carrera hasta un taller de postulación son parte de los temas que se abordarán.
Continuar leyendo
Iniciativas de alto potencial transformador
U.
de Chile se adjudica cinco proyectos de Exploración ANID
Comunidades microbianas, nanocompuestos y degradación de plásticos y nanopartículas son los temas que abordarán los cinco proyectos que liderará la Casa de Bello en el marco del concurso Exploración 2022 de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID). La Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas y la Facultad de Ciencias serán las unidades académicas encargadas de desarrollar estas iniciativas que buscan consolidar la investigación científico- tecnológica de alto potencial transformador.
Continuar leyendo
Enfermedad bacteriana de transmisión sexual
Alza de Sífilis en Chile: el riesgo de secuelas irreversibles
El Ministerio de Salud (Minsal) informó que más de 35 mil personas han sido diagnosticadas con Sífilis en Chile, lo que corresponde a la mitad de todos los contagios de enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
El grupo más afectado es el de hombres jóvenes de 15 a 29 años de edad. Ante este escenario, especialistas de la Universidad de Chile analizan las causas de este fenómeno y cómo contener esta alza de casos.
Continuar leyendo
Alianza en múltiples áreas
U. de Chile y Museo Interactivo Mirador firman convenio
El acuerdo abarca una diversidad de áreas, como medioambiente, alimentación, museografía, transferencia de conocimientos y fomento de la ciudadanía. La colaboración permitirá prácticas profesionales, iniciativas de vinculación con el medio, capacitaciones y programas conjuntos de investigación, entre otras acciones. «Hoy nos constituimos no solamente como dos equipos que se entienden, sino como una comunidad que enfrenta el trabajo en conjunto», dijo la Rectora Devés en el acto.
Continuar leyendo
Investigación del español Mario Amorós
La publicación relata la vida del secretario general del Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR), en el marco de la conmemoración de los 40 años de su muerte.
El salón de honor de la Casa Central fue el lugar donde se realizó el lanzamiento del libro “Miguel Enríquez. Un hombre en las estrellas. Biografía de un revolucionario”, del historiador español Mario Amorós. El libro fue presentado por el Rector Ennio Vivaldi, la Vicerrectora de Extensión y Comunicaciones, Faride Zerán, Marco Enríquez- Ominami, el diputado Gabriel Boric y el presidente de la fundación Miguel Enríquez, Andrés Pascal Allende.
El lanzamiento del libro se inscribe en la conmemoración de los 40 años de la muerte de Miguel Enríquez, secretario general del MIR, el 5 de octubre de 1974 en la Calle Santa Fe, en Santiago.
La Vicerrectora de Extensión y Comunicaciones Faride Zerán señaló que “la presentación de esta biografía de Miguel Enríquez hoy y aquí es un hecho histórico” y es un gesto de memoria a un personaje y a “una generación heroica, temeraria y radical en su apuesta por la consecuencia, aunque con ello se les fuese la vida”.
Señaló también que este libro es una “biografía necesaria” del “personaje que por décadas ha intentado ser negado por la historia o privatizado por otras memorias, nostalgias y reducciones, que es a la vez otra forma de hacerlo invisible”.
El autor se refirió al proceso de investigación que dio sentido a este libro. Señaló además que “esta biografía aspira a ser una contribución para situar la figura de Miguel Enríquez en el lugar que le corresponde en la historia de Chile”, destacando sus valores políticos y sociales.
Marco Enríquez- Ominami se refirió al legado de su padre, el que según dijo “nos desafió a todos a cambiar este Chile”.
Andrés Pascal explicó que con este libro y en el marco de la conmemoración de la muerte del secretario general del MIR, “estamos recordando a todos nuestros compañeros y a todos los chilenos que entregaron su vida en la resistencia popular contra la dictadura. Ellos están aquí, vivos entre nosotros”.
El diputado Gabriel Boric señaló que las luchas sociales dadas en la actualidad, tanto en la calle como en el parlamento, corresponden a una “continuidad histórica con la lucha que dieron ayer” figuras como Miguel Enríquez.
“Nos sentimos herederos de las luchas que muchos de ustedes dieron en el pasado”, dijo agregando que la figura de Enríquez “significa autonomía, la conciencia de la necesidad ineludible de desprenderse de las anteojeras que hoy día nos impone el pensamiento burgués y la urgencia de construir teoría, conocimiento y acción de y para las clases oprimidas”.
El Rector Vivaldi se refirió al contenido del libro que recoge “el acontecer, el pensamiento y la lucha política” de Miguel Enríquez, material que logra acercar al lector “la cotidianidad de un niño de los años 50 y 60. Valoró igualmente la posibilidad que ofrece el texto de reflexionar sobre lo acontecido como una manera de superar el trauma social que significó la dictadura “y el triunfo de la muerte”.
“Esto que nos mantiene amarrados a este trauma, sólo a través de un esfuerzo como el que Mario Amorós ha hecho, y con esa esperanza que sentimos en la vida de nuestros hijos, de nuestro pueblo, de nuestros descendientes, es que podemos pensar que vamos a ser capaces de llevar adelante a un país hacia un futuro que definitivamente olvide esta vez para bien, no para reprimir un trauma, sino que olvidar en el mejor sentido de la palabra, una página trágica y dolorosa”, dijo.
El libro “Miguel Enríquez. Un hombre en las estrellas. Biografía de un revolucionario” (Ediciones B) fue prologado por el presidente de Bolivia Evo Morales. En sus diez capítulos se recorre la vida de Miguel Enríquez tras una investigación que constó de una veintena de entrevistas a personas vinculadas a su vida y de un trabajo bibliográfico.
Mario Amorós es periodista y doctor en Historia de la Universidad de Barcelona. Es autor de libros como “Sombras sobre Isla Negra. La misteriosa muerte de Pablo Neruda” y “Allende. La biografía”.
Texto: Francisca Palma
Fotografías: Felipe Poblete
Dircom-UChile
Subir
Compartir:
https://uchile.cl/u105738
Copiar
Por título o palabra clave
Todas
Última semana
Último mes
Último año
Desde
Hasta
In memory of Miguel Enriquez Espinosa | Left radical
Chilean brothers and sisters!
I am writing to you on behalf of the women, men, children and old people of the Zapatista National Liberation Army, mostly Maya, who are fighting back in the mountains of southeastern Mexico against neo-liberalism and for the sake of humanity.
Young Chileans and Chilean women, please accept our Zapatista greetings.
We would like to thank our brothers and sisters who have given us this opportunity today to take our word to a reluctant Chile. nine0003
We ask for this word a place in your indignation, in your pain, and above all in your hope.
I won’t tell you about us Mexican Zapatistas, about our struggles, our aspirations, our dreams, our nightmares and our resistance. After all, compared to the men and women born of your land who so brightly illuminated the skies of Latin America, we Zapatistas are but a distant and dim ray of light.
No, our word goes to you in order to unite our memory and our greetings to the Latin American and Chilean from the Left Revolutionary Movement, MIR, who fell in battle with the Pinochet dictatorship on October 5, 1974 years old.
Our word today is a greeting to Miguel Enriquez Espinosa[1].
We greet him today under the sky of that same Latin America that suffers today from the Rio Bravo[2] to Patagonia, while those in power pour a handful of ashes into our palms and say to us: “This is all that is left of your motherland.
»
Today, the same as always — those who are at the top — continue to show us their version of «geography», imposed on part of our land.
Where yesterday there was a banner, today there is a shopping center. Where there was history yesterday, there is fast food today. Where the copihue flower grew yesterday, today it is a swamp. Where yesterday there was memory, today there is oblivion. Where there was justice yesterday, there is charity today. nine0003
In place of the motherland — a pile of ruins. In place of memory are short-term solutions. In the place of freedom is a grave. In place of democracy — a commercial. Instead of reality, there are numbers.
They, those from above, tell us: «This is the future you were promised, enjoy it.»
They tell us this and lie.
This future is too similar to the past. And if we look closely, maybe we can see that they, those on top, are the same as yesterday. The same ones who, like yesterday, ask us for patience, maturity, prudence, humility, capitulation.
We have seen and heard all this before. nine0003
We Zapatistas remember. We take memory out of our guerrilla packs, out of our field uniform pockets. We remember.
Because there was a time when the whole of Latin America was somewhere here, right next to each other.
It was enough to reach out and the hearts of the Latin American peoples touched.
It was enough to look a little to the side — and very close at hand one could see the spreading lightning of the Amazon, the indelible scar of the Andes, the arrogant presence of the peak of Aconcagua[4], the endless Tierra del Fuego and the eternally restless Popocatepetl[5]. nine0003
And with them were peoples who gave name and life to these lands.
Because there was a time when Chile and all the countries of Latin America were much closer to Mexico than the empire, which from its geographical and political north imposes distances on us, who have always felt their historical neighborhood.
There was a time.
Maybe there is still time left.
Today, as yesterday, money is the common basis for all kinds of arrogance.
Today, as yesterday, in the same ranks with the almighty transnational giants, foreign military power continues to suck the juices out of our bowels, sometimes dressed in the uniforms of local armies, sometimes in the form of advisers, embassies, consulates, secret agents. nine0003
Today, as yesterday, this money is used to buy official certificates of impunity for the «gorillas» who served them, who — as we always knew — when they said «homeland» did not mean Chile, Uruguay, Argentina or Brazil. No, the flag they saluted was only a grille and muddy stars.
Today, as yesterday, the warlike and merciless north surrounds and seeks to stifle the lone star of dignity that shines in the Caribbean.
Today, as yesterday, the governments of some of our countries are helping him as extras in a shameful attempt to break the Cuban people. nine0003
Today, as yesterday, the empire that takes on the role of world policeman and destroys laws, reason and entire nations remains the same.
Today, as yesterday, the one who tries to destabilize legitimate governments for not obeying him (yesterday in Chile, today in Venezuela and always in Cuba) is the same.
Today, as yesterday, the system, built on lies, deceit, falsification and the dictatorship of money, seeks to give us lessons in democracy, freedom and justice. nine0003
Both today and yesterday, the same people «democratize» our America, that is, they bring her pain, poverty and death.
Today, as yesterday, the one who persecutes, tortures, imprisons, kills is the same.
Today, as yesterday, a war is being waged against us, sometimes with bullets, sometimes with economic programs, and always with lies.
Today, as yesterday, the real terror, the one from above, calls on God as a lawyer.
Today, just like yesterday, they try to hide from us that the god who inspires all this exists, but his real name is Money. nine0003
Today, as yesterday, the most timid and powerless part of some of our countries are their governments.
Today, as yesterday, capitulation is covered up by complex and lengthy arguments, public opinion polls, exclusive brand suits, mirrors turned inside out.
Maybe there is still time left.
Maybe not.
Because today a new and intricate outfit, in which the savagery of profit for the few is dressed at the cost of loss for the majority, is waging a real world war against humanity. nine0003
Entire countries are in ruins.
Territories are being conquered.
The geography of the planet is brought to a new order.
Boundaries for money are being torn down and new ones are being erected — for peoples.
They are trying to replace the historical cultures of our peoples with momentary vulgarity.
In some countries the place of national governments has been taken by regional governors.
Natural resources, land, history are squandered at reduced market prices; and above the mountain ranges that cut and unite America from the south of the Rio Grande[6] to Tierra del Fuego, they are trying to erect a billboard that announces, warns, threatens: «For sale.
» nine0003
The poor and the dispossessed, that is, those who are the vast majority of humanity, are subject to confiscation and segregation.
Their dignity is confiscated, they are segregated on the outskirts of big cities, on the margins of government programs, in the farthest corners of the future being defined today in some countries, not in parliaments or presidential palaces, but at meetings of shareholders of transnational corporations.
Today’s exploitation is the wildest of all that has existed in the history of mankind, cynicism today is the philosophical credo of those who claim to rule the planet, that is, those who have everything but shame. nine0003
Today’s war against humanity, that is, against reason, is the most global of all that have been before in history.
Today’s war is being waged on all fronts and in all countries.
And if yesterday the struggle, opposition and resistance to the idiotic logic of gain was a moral duty, today it has simply become a matter of personal, local, regional, national, continental and worldwide survival.
Chilean brothers and sisters! nine0003
There was a time when all of Latin America was here, right next to each other.
Maybe there is still time left.
Maybe the collective memory that unites us as Latin Americans will find names and dates in the calendar to tell us, to tell us that there is a greater homeland than the one that gives us the flag.
How many names are there in the calendar of pain in our lands?
For our America, Ernesto Che Guevara is one of the names consecrating October[7]; our calendar — of those below[8] — is consecrated with the names of Turcios Lima[9] and Jon Sosa[10] in Guatemala, Roque Dalton[11] in El Salvador, Carlos Fonseca[12] in Nicaragua, Camilo Torres[13] in Colombia, Carlos Lamarck[14] and Carlos Marigella[15] in Brazil, Inti and Coco Peredo[16] in Bolivia, Raul Sendik[17] in Uruguay, Roberto Santuccio[18] in Argentina, Cesar Yañez[19] in Mexico
each in his own way decided to attach a trigger to hope, the names of those who, in addition to the share of tenderness that Latin America requires of us in order to love her, added some portion of lead .
.. and blood … their blood. nine0003
Because all of them, all those who are a pain in our calendar, do not just leave us. On the contrary, they leave, leaving us with something like a debt, something that we must return in order to be able to call their names without shame and without sadness.
Someone says that men and women who have entered and are embarking on the path of armed struggle were or are worshipers of death, had or have a call to self-sacrifice, a desire for messianism, that they only sought to take their place in protest songs, in poetry , in folk couplets, on youth T-shirts, on the shelves of revolutionary tourism souvenirs. nine0003
Someone thinks and says that any business is defeated when those who fight for it, that is, those who live for it, perish.
Some say that the harsh Latin American October shattered hope in Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, throughout Latin America.
Maybe it is. But maybe not.
Maybe those who, like Miguel, took up arms to say «No» were actually saying «Yes» to tomorrow, which then seemed so far away.
nine0003
Perhaps those who, like Miguel, added flame to their word, did so not to ignite death, but to illuminate life.
Perhaps those who, like Miguel, thought and shot, did so not to take a place in the museum of revolutionary nostalgia, but so that peoples, one and all, would take their true place in the world.
Maybe there will be no name in the calendar that will be tomorrow, or, better yet, there will be a place for each of the names. nine0003
Because, perhaps, precisely for this reason, the departed, who respond with pain to us every Latin American month, put their crosses in the calendar — the same as this one, who suffers on October 5th.
Maybe because these departed, instead of feeling empty, leave us with a desire to fight for hope, that is, as the Zapatistas say, «to change the world.»
Maybe.
Maybe hope, like our America, is fed from memory.
And maybe memory is nothing more than glue to put together the hope that has been broken in the calendar that is being forced upon us.
nine0003
Perhaps this memory that unites us today and brings Latin America back here, side by side, is not a legacy of pain bequeathed to us, but a duty passed on to us.
Maybe.
Perhaps we are here just to find out, and even those who are not here are also.
Because maybe today will not be the same as yesterday.
One Chilean revolutionary, one of those who made some people tremble when he took up the guitar, Victor Jara, perhaps thinking about this time that falls on our shoulders today, said and continues to tell us: “How difficult it is to find clarity in the shade, when the sun that illuminates us discolors the truth. And he said and continues to say to us: “To find a way along the way in order to continue the path”[20]. nine0003
And it was here, on Chilean soil, that a very long time ago Manuel Rodriguez[21] said and continues to say to us, as if pointing the way: «Citizens, we still have a homeland.»
And another, also a Chilean, here, very close, under the bullets that were looking for his heart, found the courage and wisdom to say and continue to tell us: “Not far, but close is the day when the wide road will open again, along which a worthy person will go to build a better society”[22].
Maybe today will not be the same as yesterday. nine0003
Perhaps we have already learned these lessons, and soon, in the place where the pages of Latin American history used to be covered with blood, the word will triumph, which will finally be clearly read by those who look from below: «democracy», «freedom» and «justice» — these full-bodied words with an emphasis on the region of the heart that beats in our common chest.
With all this I want to say that we will win, that we will not be stopped, that the future will be ours, that the wall of chains will be broken, that freedom is the near horizon, but we Zapatistas do not think that this will happen as a result of arcane magic or a declaration written by someone, but because we will continue to work and fight for this. nine0003
Brothers and sisters!
And this is what our word wants to tell you:
Fortunately, in this opened vein of Latin America[23] named Chile, the blood is not “ITT”[24], not “Anaconda Cooper”[25], not “ United Fruit»[26], not Ford, not the World Bank, not Pinochet, not those in whose names one or another of them dressed up, but the blood of her workers, her peasants, her students, her Mapuche[27], her women, her youth, her Victor Jara, her Violeta Parra, her Salvador Allende, her Pablo Neruda, her Manuel Rodríguez, her Miguel Enriquez, her memory.
nine0003
Chilean brothers and sisters!
Receive this greeting from those who admire and love you, the Mexican Zapatistas.
Hello Chile!
From the mountains of southeastern Mexico,
Subcomandante Marcos
Mexico, October 2004
P.S. Forgive me if these words of mine did not become a call for a holiday, like the life and death of someone who today, 30 years later, continues to speak with us. In fact, we only wanted to take advantage of this meeting to modestly and respectfully ask you all to put a red copihue flower on our behalf on the land that preserves it and tell him that here, in the mountains of southeastern Mexico, the name of October is the same — Miguel. nine0003
Translation by Oleg Yasinsky
Scientific editing Alexander Tarasov
1. Miguel Enrixes Espinos (1944-1974)-General Secretary General of the Chilean Left Revolutionary Movement (Peace), who died on October 5, 1974 in Santiao, 1974, 1974 an unequal battle with the troops of the dictatorship of Pinochet, who cordoned off the house in which he was hiding.
The battle of Miguel and his comrades against almost 200 soldiers who participated in the special operation lasted more than two hours. nine0003
2. Rio Bravo is the informal (cinematic) name of the Rio Grande del Norte (see footnote 6)
3. Copihue is the symbol of Chile.
4. Aconcagua — the highest mountain in Latin America (6969 m above sea level), located in Argentina near the border with Chile
5. Popocatepetl — a volcano near Mexico City, 5452 m above sea level.
6. Rio Grande del Norte — the river along which the border between the United States and Mexico passes. The common phrase «south of the Rio Grande» means the same as «Latin America». nine0003
7. E. Che Guevara died on October 8, 1967.
8. A reference to the novel by the classic of Mexican literature Mariano Azuela «Those Who Are Below» (1916), dedicated to the Mexican Revolution of the early 20th century.
9. Luis Augusto Turcios Lima (1932-1966) — an outstanding Guatemalan partisan, one of the leaders of the Revolutionary Movement of November 13, died in battle.
10. Marco Antonio Yon Sosa (? -1970) — the legendary Guatemalan guerrilla, the creator of the Revolutionary Movement of November 13. Killed by Mexican military in Chiapas. nine0003
11. Roque Dalton Garcia (1935-1975) — an outstanding Salvadoran poet, communist, one of the founders of the partisan Revolutionary Army of the People. He was shot by partisans on charges of treason, fabricated by the partisan commander Joaquin Villalobos (according to one version, an adventurer, according to another, a CIA agent; Villalobos currently works as an adviser to the Colombian army on counterguerrilla warfare).
12. Carlos Fonseca Amador (1936-1976) — one of the founders and leader of the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua, who committed suicide at 1979 with the dictatorship of the Somoza dynasty. In 1976, his group was ambushed by government troops. He was captured alive, executed, and his severed head and hands were delivered to the capital at the personal request of the dictator Anastasio Somoza.
13. Camilo Torres Restepo (1929-1966) — an outstanding Colombian sociologist, theorist of «liberation theology», a priest who joined a partisan detachment and died in his first battle. Victor Jara dedicated a poignant song to him, ending with the words «Camilo Torres died for life.» nine0003
14. Carlos Lamarca (1937-1971) — former junior officer of the Brazilian army, who created the guerrilla movement People’s Revolutionary Vanguard. In an unequal battle with regular troops, he was wounded, then executed.
15. Joao Carlos Marigella (1911-1969) — an outstanding public figure in Brazil, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Brazilian Communist Party, who led the Action for National Liberation (ALN) — an organization of urban guerrillas that embarked on the path of armed struggle after the overthrow of the democratic government in a coup d’état Joao Goulart. Author of the famous mini-textbook of urban guerrilla warfare. He died in a police ambush.
nine0003
16. Inti and Coco Peredo — Guido Alvaro «Inti» Peredo Leige (1937-1969) — Bolivian revolutionary, Che’s closest associate in his Bolivian epic, who tried to continue this project after his death. In one of the houses of La Paz, he fought against 150 policemen, was seriously wounded, captured and died from torture. Roberto «Coco» Peredo Leige (1938-1967) — Inti’s brother, an active member of the Che partisan detachment, died in battle a month before his commander.
17. Raul Sendik (1926-1989) is an outstanding Uruguayan revolutionary thinker and partisan, leader of the National Liberation Movement. Tupac Amaru («Tupamaros») — the world’s first organization of urban guerrillas. Spent almost 13 years in solitary confinement in one of the worst prisons in Uruguay, died from the effects of torture three years after his release.
18. Roberto Santucho (1936-1976) — the famous Argentine partisan, leader of the Guevarist Revolutionary Army of the People, which led the armed resistance to the military dictatorship.
Died in an unequal battle with the army at 1976 year.
19. Cesar Yáñez (?-1974) — creator of the guerrilla center in Chiapas, first called the National Liberation Front and eventually turned into the Zapatista National Liberation Army. Founder of the military-political organization of the Zapatistas. Arrested by Mexican government security agents and considered «missing» ever since.
20. “How difficult it is to find clarity in the shadows, when the sun that illuminates us discolors the truth”, “To find a way on the way to continue the path” — words from Victor Jara’s song “On the Road” (“Caminando, caminando”). nine0003
21. Manuel Rodriguez Erdoisa (1785-1818) — Chilean partisan, hero of the struggle for independence from Spain. He was captured and shot. During the dictatorship of Pinochet in Chile, the Patriotic Front. Manuel Rodriguez, who led the armed struggle against the regime.
22. From Salvador Allende’s last radio address to the people of Chile from the encircled presidential palace «La Moneda» on September 11, 1973, a few hours before his tragic death.
23. A reference to the title of a well-known book by the left-wing Argentine publicist Eduardo Galeano «The Open Veins of Latin America». nine0003
24. International Telephone and Telegraph, a North American corporation that controlled the Chilean communications market in the early 1970s and funded a plot to overthrow the Allende government.
25. Anaconda Cooper is a North American copper corporation that had major interests in Chile and took part in organizing the overthrow of the Allende government.
26. The United Fruit Company was a North American multinational company that was actively involved in a number of plots to overthrow progressive Latin American governments. nine0003
27. Mapuche (Araucans) — Indian people, the indigenous population of Chile; actively supported the «People’s Unity» and were subjected to repression during the time of Pinochet.
28. Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (1917-1967) is an outstanding Chilean folklorist, singer and artist.
Miguel Henriquez — frwiki.wiki
Miguel Humberto Enriquez Espinosa (Born in Talcahuano, Chile and died -Chilean physician and-de-Chilean in Santiago) politician who has been General Secretary of the Chilean Revolutionary Left (Spanish: Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria) since 1967 years before his death.
Summary
-
1 Biography
- 1.1 Coup d’état and death
- 2 Notes and references
- 3 External links
biography
Miguel Miguel Humberto Henriquez Espinosa was born in Talcahuano.
Revolution and death
After the coup d’etat led by Augusto Pinochet, Miguel Henriquez and other members of the MIR ( Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria , Revolutionary Left) refuse political asylum offered by several foreign embassies and oppose political exile.
Subsequently, they will start organizing underground activities against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
After the coup, Enriquez becomes one of the most wanted persons by the authorities. He will eventually be shot, , during a confrontation with agents of the National Intelligence Agency (DINA) (Spanish: Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional) in the city of San Miguel, from where he directed MIR operations and where he lived his companion Carmen Castillo. During the collision, Carmen Castillo, who is six months pregnant, was injured. She survived but lost her child. Miguel Henriquez was buried in the Santiago General Cemetery. After his death, the Higher Institute of Medical Sciences (ISCM-H) in Havana (Cuba) named their new hospital «Dr Miguel Enríquez Espinosa» in his honor.
nine0003
In 2016, 42 years after his death, 5 former DINA agents were brought to trial in Chile for the murder of Miguel Henriquez.