Therapist: Professor of the Department Assoc. PhD Stroev Yuri Ivanovich.

Pathologists: prof. MD honored worker of science of the Russian Federation Kvetnoy Igor Moiseevich, associate professors Ph.D. Kolobov Andrey Viktorovich, Novitskaya Tatyana Alexandrovna, assistant Ph.D. Konstantinova Anastasia Mikhailovna

Forensic doctors: associate professor Ph.D. Zarafyants Galina Nikolaevna, Associate Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Sashko Sergey Yurievich.

The staff of the department conducts active research work in the following areas:

• Pathological anatomy:
  Infectious pathology
  Subjects include the pathomorphology of infectious hepatitis, CNS lesions in viral and other infections, placental lesions in utero.
• Pathophysiology:
  Etiology, pathogenesis and experimental therapy of autoimmune diseases, immunological methods for diagnosis and treatment of infectious and immunopathological diseases.
  Topics include the study of the clinical pathophysiology of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) and its comorbid relationship with certain adolescent diseases and early metabolic syndrome.
  The pathogenesis of autoimmune infertility, autoimmune mechanisms of mental disorders, the problem of autoimmune dysautonomy, immunological methods of targeted drug delivery in tuberculosis, experimental therapy of autoimmune CNS lesions and neuroimmunoendocrine interactions, the effect of silicone mammoplasty and the use of immunobiotherapeutic drugs on immunological reactivity are being studied.
• Forensic medicine:
  Topical issues of forensic and legal study of case histories, forensic medical examination of blunt trauma, forensic toxicology, forensic medical examination of radiation injuries.

Only in the last 3 years on these and other topics, the staff of the department in Russia and abroad published more than 500 scientific and educational works. As of March 2021, the database of the Russian Science Citation Index registered more than 1,500 publications by employees of the Department of Pathology of St. Petersburg State University, which were cited in this database over 14,200 times. The publication of the staff of the Department of Pathology is cited an average of 8.82 times (the average for St Petersburg University is 4.57). In 2020, the Department of Pathology in terms of the number of rating scientific publications per employee 3 times exceeded the average level for St Petersburg University and occupies the first place in the faculty in terms of their number. Over the past 5 years, the department has 12 monographs and 10 textbooks, manuals and manuals.

Over 20 years, it has withstood a total of 20 reprints of the books included in it, is widely cited in scientific and educational literature and is the basis for teaching in many universities of Russian-speaking countries, the author’s educational set «Pathophysiology», edited by L. P. Churilov, which includes:

• three-volume textbook,
• workshop on experimental and clinical pathology,
• teaching aid for students of dentistry,
• General Pathology Interdisciplinary Colored Poster Set,
• explanatory dictionary of selected terms,
• study guide on the pathophysiology of the immune system
• bilingual Russian-English manual on CD “Immunology and Immunopathology. Immunology Live”
• educational monograph on systemic connective tissue pathology
• guide with audio CD for learning medical English in pathophysiology and internal medicine

Employees of the department are members of the central subject methodological commissions of the UMO of the universities of the Russian Federation in pathophysiology and pathological anatomy, the boards of a number of scientific and professional societies in Russia and abroad, they are elected members and corresponding members of a number of domestic and international academies, collaborate in the editorial board of a number of leading specialized domestic and foreign scientific journals. A number of employees were awarded diplomas, badges and medals of academies, scientific and professional societies, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg State University and a number of other universities for their contribution to medical education, international activities of St. Petersburg State University, pedagogical excellence and scientific works, employees of the Department of Pathology were laureates of the relevant competitions of St. Petersburg State University.

Teaching at the department is based on a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach, a combination of fundamental and applied clinical knowledge. Joint lectures are read with the participation of pathologists and clinicians, analyzes of extracts from case histories, a unique collection of which is stored at the department, demonstrations of patients are carried out, not only demonstrations of macropreparations and micropreparations, educational experiments on animals are carried out, but also computer programs and educational films of our own production are used, as well as analysis of situational problems. There is a classical museum of pathology.

It is widely practiced to invite leading scientists to give guest lectures and guest lectures of leading members of the department at foreign universities. The staff of the department are prominent members of the international scientific community, scientists known far beyond the borders of Russia, members of a number of international and all-Russian scientific societies, including the governing bodies of these societies. They are members of the editorial boards of 19 scientific journals, including 8 foreign ones. Among these publications are the world’s leading scientific biomedical journals such as Autoimmunity Reviews and the Journal of Neuroendocrinology Research. SSS students and graduate students of the department annually travel abroad for internships and conferences.

Prominent foreign and Russian scientists — pathophysiologists, immunologists and specialists in related fields of medicine regularly give guest lectures at the department: Yu. Omura, M. Noda and T. Katafuchi (Japan), I. Shenfeld (Israel), T.G. Marshall (Australia-USA), V. Kofler (Austria), Z. Kovacs (Croatia), O.P. Hanninen (Finland), J. Freire de Carvalho (Brazil), Changqing Xu, Zhao Zhongzhen, Li Ming, Yang Baofeng (China), M. Pozemkovska (Latvia), V.A. Chereshnev, O.S. Nasonkin, A.Sh. Zaichik, A.S. Fokin (Russia) – and many others. The video archive of these lectures already includes more than 30 films.

In turn, head. cafe pathology L.P. Churilov gave a series of guest lectures at the universities of Japan (Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, Gifu, Nagoya, Tokyo, Kanazawa) and China (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xi’an, Hong Kong, Chengdu, Harbin, Yanzi), prof. THEM. Kvetnoy gave guest lectures at universities in Belgium, Sweden, Spain, the USA, Great Britain and other countries.

Members of the department as part of various teams of applicants have recently won several SPbU grants and external grants for conducting research, including a mega-grant from the Russian Government for the creation of the Autoimmunity Mosaic Laboratory at SPbU under the guidance of an outstanding Israeli scientist, Academician Yehuda Shenfeld. In 2017, 2018, 2019and 2020 under the auspices of this laboratory, the largest world forums and scientific schools on autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases were held at St. Petersburg State University. Head Department of Pathology L.P. Churilov was co-chairman of these congresses and schools. Professor of the department A.E. Korovin was awarded in 2019 the gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation for his contribution to the development of military medical science and innovation. Professor of the department Yu.I. Stroev created the world’s largest database of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Yu.I. Stroev and L.P. Churilov was awarded a diploma from the Government of Yemen for his contribution to the training of medical personnel for this country. Employees of the department are laureates of a number of Russian and foreign medals, distinctions and awards for their contribution to education and science.

Video archive of guest lectures

Teachers of the department of different years

Yu. I. Stroev, V.A. Zinzerling, L.P. Churilov, V.I. Utekhin

P.V. Antonov at the microscope; V.A. Zinzerling at the microscope; A.V. Kolobov at the microscope

Yu.I. Stroev and a student of the SSS department O. Stetsyuk are receiving

M.I. Cool in forensic science class

G.N. Zarafyants in forensic medicine classes

L.P. Churilov at a lecture on pathophysiology
Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine

Peer-review medical journal

Editor-in-chief

• Prof. Vladimir A. Klevno, MD, Dr. sci. (Medicine)
  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-4054 ​​

Journal founder

• Russian Association of Forensic Medical Experts (link).
• Eco-Vector Publishing group (https://eco-vector.com)

About

The peer-review medical journal » Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine » aimed to provide the very latest information both in research, practical and educational areas related to a wide range of fields across the forensic sciences. Fields include forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law. The journal publishers original researches, reviews, case reports, commentaries, letters to the editor, clinical and laboratory observations by Russian and international authors, pertinent to readers in CIS countries and around the world. View full aims & scope

Publication frequency

• Quarterly, 4 issues per year
• Continuously Ahead-of-Print (Online First)

Language

• English
• English
• Chinese

Distribution

• Open Access, under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivates 4. 0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

APC

• «Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine» charges APC (Article Processing Charge), and this is clearly flagged in the journal’s guide for authors and during the submission process. All monies derived from APC are used to support the editorial preparation, Open Access for published articles, journal development and article selection quality.

• «Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine» do not levy any mandatory additional fees from authors (NO Article Submission Charge, NO Color Images Charge, NO Charge per Page).

• The fee for paid editorial services can be reduced or voided at the request of any authors team. For more information on APCs please see the Author Guidelines page.

Announcements

Current Issue

Vol 8, No 4 (2022)

Full Issue

ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES

A radiomorphometric evaluation of age-related changes in mandibular morphology

Harshitha N., Patil K., Sanjay C.J., Nagabhushana D., Viveka S.

Abstract

AIMS : The main aim of this study was to determine, compare and differentiate the morphologically related changes of the mandible in dentate males and females among different age groups on digital panoramic images and to assess their authenticity in age estimations to provide evidence in forensics .

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Digital panoramic images were made of 620 subjects, belonging to four groups of ages ranging between 12–18 years, 19–40 years, 41–60 years, and older than 60 years. Measurements such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness, and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was then subjected to descriptive statistical analysis followed by a Paired t-test and a Two-way ANOVA test to arrive at the results.

RESULTS : On measuring an angular and four linear measurements a statistically significant differences were found among all the age groups with p p

CONCLUSION : Age estimation with linear and angular measurements of the mandible was possible among the study population. It is found that all parameters except gonial angle are reliable for age determination. It was found that as age increased, the mean value of all the parameters increased and showed a significant difference between all age groups except the gonial angle. Hence, this study positively recommends the use of all parameters except gonial angle for the purpose of age estimation in the field of forensics.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):5-14

Damage to neurons of the cerebral cortex in acute poisoning with baclofen and its combination with ethanol

Romanova O.L., Golubev A.M., Churilov A.A., Sundukov D.V., Kislov M.A., Ershov A.V.

Abstract

BACKGROUND : The number of poisoning with a muscle relaxant baclofen has increased recently. The brain is one of the target organs in baclofen poisoning.

AIM : To identify and quantify cerebral cortex neuron damage in baclofen and baclofen ethanol poisoning.

MATERIAL AND METHODS : A histological study of rat cerebral cortex was performed. The controls ( n = 5) received neither baclofen nor ethanol. Groups 1 and 3 received baclofen (85 mg/kg), whereas groups 2 and 4 received baclofen (85 mg/kg) and ethanol (7 ml/kg). Groups 1 and 3 were euthanized 4 h after the drug administration, whereas groups 2 and 4 were euthanized after 24 h. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by the Nissl method and examined by light microscopy (×400). The number of damaged neurons was calculated. Statistical processing was performed by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney method.

RESULTS : Neurons with reversible and irreversible changes in the controls accounted for 13% and 9%, respectively. At 4 h after baclofen administration, neurons with reversible and irreversible changes accounted for 22% and 21%; 4 h after baclofen and ethanol administration, 24% and 29%; 24 h after baclofen administration, 25% and 37%, respectively. Baclofen and ethanol administration caused an increase in the share of neurons with reversible (27%) and irreversible (41%) changes. The differences between group 3 and the control group were significant, and the difference was significant when group 4 was compared with the control group and group 3.

CONCLUSION : Understanding the processes in the brain during baclofen and baclofen ethanol administration will allow the provision of medical care to this category of patients more effectively. The signs of brain neuron damage, along with the results of forensic chemical analysis, can be used to establish the immediate cause of death.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):15-24

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Determination of human sex by odontometric characteristics using equations of logistic regression

Ibragimov A. S., Musayev S.M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND : In this situation, a new way to quickly determine the sex by teeth appears to be in demand because it should increase the efficiency of the work of forensic doctors.

AIM : To develop a modern technique for diagnosing a person’s sex using odontometric signs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Teeth sizes were studied at the craniological collection of Azerbaijanis. On the seven teeth of the upper and seven teeth of the lower jaw, three parameters were measured (while symmetrical teeth were considered a single array). Each of the 14 anatomical teeth was represented by 80 male and 80 female teeth. A digital caliper (Mutitouyo; accuracy 10 microns) was used for odontometric procedures. Odontometry results were analyzed by statistical methods using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Mathematical modeling was conducted using the MATLAB statistical software package.

RESULTS : With the help of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the data obtained in the course of odontometry were studied. Six odontometric signs were related to sex. The most sex-related parameters were the buccolingual diameter of the upper canine, heights of the crowns of the second lower molar, lower incisors, lower canine, and upper central incisor. Using mathematical modeling, six logistic regression equations have been implemented, which help determining the sex of an individual by the size of his teeth possible. The predictive potential of the equations was also assessed using the ROC analysis.

CONCLUSION : Based on odontometric indicators and ROC analysis, diagnostic equations for determining the sex of a person by the teeth size were obtained. The equations have not yet been verified on independent samples; therefore, they cannot yet be unconditionally recommended for practice. Nevertheless, the authors count on the high legitimacy of their models because they used a fairly powerful mathematical apparatus.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):25-36

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Forensic medical analysis of the dynamics of death rates in suicides

Giyasov Z.A., Makhsumkhonov K.A., Bakhriev I.I., Islamov S.E.

Abstract

BACKGROUND : The increase in the number of completed suicides associated with multiple risk factors is a worldwide concern. The rates of completed suicide in both sexes, according to different researchers, differ significantly.

AIMS : To investigate the sex characteristics of death rates of completed suicide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Mortality rates using information from official reports on the activities of forensic medical institutions from 1992 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS : The results of the analysis of suicide mortality rates indicate that suicides have natural features of development, i.e., a cyclical change in the states of indicators, namely, rise, decline, wave-like flow, characterized by certain periodicity, and constancy (stability of the occurrence of the phenomenon on a national scale). During the study period, completed suicides accounted for 14.0% of the total number of examinations of corpses and 21.4% of all cases of violent death. An analysis of the absolute number of suicide-related deaths by sex revealed a clear predominance of suicides in men (n = 33,888) compared with women (n = 16,036), which counted for 67.9% and 32.1%, respectively. The ratio of the absolute number of completed suicide cases in the group of men and women was approximately 2:1. Suicide mortality rates make it possible to conclude about the nature of this phenomenon in the country as permanent and sustainable.

CONCLUSION : The results of the study of completed suicides in Uzbekistan for the period 1992–2019 allow us to assert that completed suicides as a phenomenon have their natural features of development, namely, the constancy of changes ( stability of the occurrence of the phenomenon) and cyclicity (cyclic change of the states of indicators, i.e., rise, decline, wave-like flow, and certain periodicity).

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):37-46

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Detection of clobazam and its metabolites in urine during poisoning using HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS

Volkova A.A., Kalekin R.A., Orlova A.M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND : The medicinal substance clobazam belongs to the group of benzodiazepines, which is included in the list of psychoactive substances whose turnover is limited because of its high toxicity profile in overdose and abuse.

AIM : To propose a simple, reliable, and sensitive technique for the identification of clobazam and its metabolite in the urine by the modern high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry MS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS : We have described a simple and sensitive HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for the qualitative determination of clobazam in the urine.

RESULTS : The retention time in the selected chromatography conditions for clobazam was 5.17 min, and its metabolite (norclobazam) in urine was 4.56 min. The base peaks for clobazam and norclobazam were 259 m/z and 245 m/z, respectively.

CONCLUSION : urine after taking clobazam. This technique can be a confirmatory research method in addition to the clinical picture in forensic medical examination.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):47-55

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Characteristics of injuries in cyclists injured when other vehicles collide with the side of the body of moving bicycles

Indiaminov S.I., Abdumuminov K.N., Boymanov F.K.

Abstract

BACKGROUND : Bicycle injuries, as a separate type of traffic accidents, require forensic medical examinations to establish the mechanism, duration, and severity of injuries. Forensic medical aspects of cycling injuries are insufficiently covered in the literature.

AIM :

MATERIALS AND METHODS : The results of forensic medical examinations of 51 cyclists who died when the moving bicycles collided with the side of vehicles.

RESULTS : 11.76%). Nearly all deceased cyclists sustained damage to the head (96. 0%), which was characterized by the formation of a severe contusion of the brain with fractures of the parietotemporal and occipital bones. Damage to the chest and chest cavity organ was also observed frequently (50.69%). Rib fractures were noted in 74.2% of cases. Injuries to the abdominal organs were detected in 20.15% of the cases, such as liver rupture and hemorrhage in the ligaments of organs. Diaphyseal comminuted fractures of the bones of the lower leg and femur were also observed.

CONCLUSION : The most common types of injuries in deceased cyclists in a side collision of other vehicles with a moving bicycle are traumatic brain injury and combined injuries of the head, chest, and fractures of the bones of the lower extremes in combination with a head and chest injury. Damage to the head was characterized by the formation of linear, depressed, and comminuted fractures of the parietal–temporal and occipital bones. Damage to the chest was characterized by fractures of the upper ribs and bruises of the lungs. Damage to the skin, resembling a picture of a “road rash,” was noted on the anterolateral body parts.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):57-65

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REVIEWS

Perspectives of the study of cutting and stabbing damages caused by knives with various spine thicknesses

Potankina T.V., Lysenko O.V., Klevno V.A.

Abstract

Injuries caused by pointed or bladed objects cover the biggest part of all injuries caused by sharp objects.

The last decades of scientific studies in forensic medicine have dedicated to forensic medicolegal traumatology due to a steady growth in the number of forensic examinations connected with mechanical injuries. Data about the morphology, mechanism, and biomechanical causation of cutting and stabbing damages have been studied and summarized. Some morphological features of cutting and stabbing damages of osseous tissue appeared according to material cutting theory. Forensic identification of pointed or bladed articles was examined according to features of injuries on human tissues and clothes.

Nowadays, scientific literature shows that a knife’s spine is considered the traumatic part of a blade. In the identification and examination of the pointed or bladed trace-forming objects, “a spine zone” is used. There has been an overview on the influence on the trace-formation process of knife edges. However, the morphology of pointed or bladed injuries of the bones according to the thickness of a blade has not been examined comprehensively.

To improve forensic research of injuries of flat bones (os planum) caused by pointed or bladed articles based on a complex of morphological features, experimental studies using cadaveric materials are needed.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):67-75

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Electric scooters and associated injuries: forensic aspects

Siedin M. S., Plis S.S., Klevno V.A.

Abstract

Examinations in relation to living persons and of corpses of persons injured in incidents involving ground wheeled vehicles remain one of the leading places in the practical activities of forensic medical experts. Over the past 3–5 years, the means of individual mobility have become increasingly widespread. The use of means of individual mobility naturally leads to an increase in road accidents.

To date, coverage of issues related to automobile, motorcycle, and even bicycle injuries is sufficient. However, no data on scooter trauma in the domestic forensic literature is limited, which cannot be said about the work of foreign authors.

This literature review provides some epidemiological data and information on the mechanism and type of damage in cases of injuries involving electric scooters. This kind of road incidents, including fatal ones, was statistically analyzed. Scooter trauma is characterized by its seasonality with an upward trend mainly in the warm months of the year (summer and early autumn). Young persons who directly control electric scooters are often injured. Falls in the predominant type of incident. The most “traumatic” parts are the head and limbs. Injuries are isolated in nature and can be both external (such as abrasions, bruises, and wounds) and internal (such as fractures). Visceral injuries in scooter injuries are extremely rare.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):77-88

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CASE REPORTS

Possibilities of diagnosing stab-cut wounds in living persons using computed tomography results

Leonov S.V., Pinchuk P.V., Shakiryanova J.P., Troyan V.N.

Abstract

Currently, modern research methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been introduced into the medical and diagnostic practice of large hospitals. These research methods are used almost everywhere for the diagnosis of various injuries, and their results, together with the medical documents of the victims, law enforcement officials, and courts provide state forensic medical expert institutions for the production of forensic medical examinations. The study of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allows solving expert questions in examinations and studies of living persons.

The article presents a case from expert practice demonstrating the possibility of establishing the morphology and localization of stab-cut injuries, number of traumatic effects, and direction of wound channels using the results of in vivo computed tomography and three-dimensional modeling. In the described expert case, initially, in the submitted medical documents, data were contradictory about the number, localization and mechanism of formation of wounds. To eliminate existing contradictions, the scars on the victim’s body and results of a computed tomography upon admission were examined. For a more complete visualization of external injuries, a three-dimensional model of the victim’s body was recreated from computed tomography data. The results of computed tomography and three-dimensional modeling made it possible to clearly recreate the picture of the victim’s injuries and answer questions about the mechanism and conditions of their infliction.

The described case demonstrates the possibilities of expert research and new methodological approaches to solving forensic problems, which is currently quite relevant, since virtopsia has been actively developing in forensic medicine in recent years. The proposed research techniques applied to a corpse with stab wounds will make it possible to more accurately visualize the direction and shape of the wound canal.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):89-96

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Clinical and morphological features of malignant hyperthermia: a rare case from practice

Anichkov N.M., Kalinina E.Y., Davydova Z.V., Shcherbakova E.V., Yagmurov O.D.

Abstract

Malignant hyperthermia, is one of the most serious complications of modern anesthesia, which is a pharmacogenetic disease phenotypically manifested by skeletal muscle hypermetabolism and rhabdomyolysis during or after general anesthesia using inhalation anesthetics. An unexpected increase in CO ₂ concentration at the end of exhalation is the most common initial sign of malignant hyperthermia. Atypical forms of this pharmacogenetic disease are observed much more often than lightning or fulminant. In Russia, malignant hyperthermia currently remains a problem.

We present a case of malignant hyperthermia in a 19-year-old girl who underwent surgery for nasal breathing disorders and received Sevoran anesthesia as support. The patient died 1 h 25 min after the surgery during withdrawal from anesthesia caused by a clinically confirmed syndrome of malignant hyperthermia. Forensic autopsy confirmed this diagnosis. The morphological changes in the skeletal muscles using both plain and elective histological stains were described.

The presented observation is valuable owing to the rarity of lightning-fast forms of malignant hyperthermia and the high lethality accompanying these pathologies. This expert case demonstrate how a competent and comprehensive histological examination, including the use of genetic testing, allows correct formulation of a diagnosis and, if necessary, reasonably answer questions from law enforcement agencies.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine . 2022;8(4):97-104

97-104

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GUIDELINES

II Scientific and practical conference of the Interregional Thanatoradiological Society “Radiological diagnostics for pathological anatomy and forensic medicine: from lifetime to postmortem”

Shchegolev A.I., Tumanova U.N.

Abstract

Brief report on the II Scientific and practical conference of the Interregional Thanatoradiological Society “Radiological diagnostics for pathological anatomy and forensic medicine: from lifetime to postmortem,” which took place on October 7–8, 2022, in Moscow on by the Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery.

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Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine .