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March 16, 2017

Avast Software B.V. completes squeeze-out process of minority shareholders of AVG Technologies B.

V.

Prague, Czech Republic / Amsterdam, The Netherlands, March 16, 2017 – Today, Avast Software B.V. (”
Avast“) enforced the judgement of the Enterprise Chamber of the Court of Appeal of…

Prague, Czech Republic / Amsterdam, The Netherlands, March 16, 2017 – Today, Avast Software B.V. (”
Avast“) enforced the judgement of the Enterprise Chamber of the Court of Appeal of…

Prague, Czech Republic / Amsterdam, The Netherlands, March 16, 2017 – Today, Avast Software B.V. (”
Avast“) enforced the judgement of the Enterprise Chamber of the Court of Appeal of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (the ”
Enterprise Court“) of 14 February 2017.

March 15, 2017

AVG Business by Avast announces Northamber as new UK distribution partner

London, UK, 15 March 2017 – Avast, the leader in digital security products for business and consumers, today announced a new partnership with one of the UK’s largest independent distributors,…

London, UK, 15 March 2017 – Avast, the leader in digital security products for business and consumers, today announced a new partnership with one of the UK’s largest independent…

London, UK, 15 March 2017 – Avast, the leader in digital security products for business and consumers, today announced a new partnership with one of the UK’s largest independent distributors, Northamber, for its AVG Business by Avast portfolio of products.

Latest blog articles

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How to Transfer Files From PC to PC

Before transferring files from an old computer to a new one, or moving important files between devices, learn the best ways to move everything.

What Is Incognito Mode, Is It Safe, and Should You Use It?

Incognito mode lets you browse without your search history getting tracked. Find out how to go incognito in Chrome and other browsers.

Why Your Android Phone Won’t Update and How to Force It

Having problems with the latest Android update? Learn how to update your Android phone and find out how to force or fix an Android update.

What Is a CVV Number and How to Keep It Safe

Your CVV Number protects you from credit card fraud. Learn when it’s safe to give out your CVV code when shopping online.

How to Set Your Default Browser on Any Device

Learn how to change your default browser to Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge on any device — Windows 11, MacOS, iOS, and Android.

Android vs. iOS Security: Are They Equal?

Android vs iOS: Apple’s iOS mobile security is often rated better than Android, but has Google caught up? Learn about Android vs iOS security.

What Is Blockchain & How Does It Work?

Understand how blockchain works, the difference between blockchain and cryptocurrencies, and how the blockchain can support data privacy.

What Is a Sniffer and How Can You Prevent Sniffing?

Your complete guide to sniffers. Find out how sniffing works, and how to detect and remove network sniffers from your computer now.

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sklearn.metrics.average_precision_score — scikit-learn 1.1.3 documentation

sklearn.metrics.average_precision_score(y_true, y_score, *, average=’macro’, pos_label=1, sample_weight=None)[source]

Compute average precision (AP) from prediction scores.

AP summarizes a precision-recall curve as the weighted mean of precisions
achieved at each threshold, with the increase in recall from the previous
threshold used as the weight:

\[\text{AP} = \sum_n (R_n – R_{n-1}) P_n\]

where \(P_n\) and \(R_n\) are the precision and recall at the nth
threshold [1]. This implementation is not interpolated and is different
from computing the area under the precision-recall curve with the
trapezoidal rule, which uses linear interpolation and can be too
optimistic.

Note: this implementation is restricted to the binary classification task
or multilabel classification task.

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:

y_truendarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_classes)

True binary labels or binary label indicators.

y_scorendarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_classes)

Target scores, can either be probability estimates of the positive
class, confidence values, or non-thresholded measure of decisions
(as returned by decision_function on some classifiers).

average{‘micro’, ‘samples’, ‘weighted’, ‘macro’} or None, default=’macro’

If None, the scores for each class are returned. Otherwise,
this determines the type of averaging performed on the data:

'micro':

Calculate metrics globally by considering each element of the label
indicator matrix as a label.

'macro':

Calculate metrics for each label, and find their unweighted
mean. This does not take label imbalance into account.

'weighted':

Calculate metrics for each label, and find their average, weighted
by support (the number of true instances for each label).

'samples':

Calculate metrics for each instance, and find their average.

Will be ignored when y_true is binary.

pos_labelint or str, default=1

The label of the positive class. Only applied to binary y_true.
For multilabel-indicator y_true, pos_label is fixed to 1.

sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None

Sample weights.

Returns:

average_precisionfloat

Average precision score.

See also

roc_auc_score

Compute the area under the ROC curve.

precision_recall_curve

Compute precision-recall pairs for different probability thresholds.

Notes

Changed in version 0.19: Instead of linearly interpolating between operating points, precisions
are weighted by the change in recall since the last operating point.

References

[1]

Wikipedia entry for the Average precision

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.metrics import average_precision_score
>>> y_true = np.array([0, 0, 1, 1])
>>> y_scores = np.array([0.1, 0.4, 0.35, 0.8])
>>> average_precision_score(y_true, y_scores)
0.83...

Precision-Recall

Precision-Recall

What is the average purchase price of a currency and how to calculate it

What is the average purchase price of a currency and how to calculate it?

This is the price from which the profit or loss of a position is calculated. It reflects the average price at which you formed a position in securities or currencies.

What currency can be bought at Tinkoff Investments

For example, you bought $10 at 80 ₽, and then another $30 at 90 ₽. Then the average purchase price will be equal to: (10 × 80 + 30 × 90) / (10 + 30) = 87.5 ₽.

If the dollar rises to 100 ₽, then the absolute profitability of the position will be: (Current price – Average price) × Number of assets in the position = (100 – 87.5) × 40 = 500 ₽.

The average price is indicated on the asset page. To the left of the arrow is the average purchase price, to the right is the current price of the asset

The average purchase price of assets changes not only when you buy them, but also when you sell them. At the same time, assets that were acquired earlier are eliminated from the position first.

For example, you bought share X for 300 ₽, and a day later you bought another share X for 500 ₽. Average purchase price of shares X: (300 + 500) / 2 = 400 ₽.

If you sell one share, then the purchase price of the first share will be deducted from the average price – that is, 300 ₽. As a result of the sale, one share will remain in the portfolio with a purchase price of 500 ₽. This will become the new average price, from which the profitability of the position will be calculated.

The same rules apply for calculating the average position price by currency. However, the average price by currency is also affected by:

All events that increase the currency position are counted as purchases, and those that decrease – as sales. This is necessary to correctly take into account the average position price.

For example, you bought $1,000 at an average price of $70, and then you bought share Y for that $1,000. As a result, securities appeared on your account, and the position in the currency disappeared.

Then you sold share Y for $1,500, and you again have a currency position in your account. At the same time, it is $500 more than the original one – but you did not purchase this amount in currency. If we take into account the received $1,500 at the old average price of 70 ₽, then the calculation will be incorrect.

Therefore, $1,500 will be considered a new currency receipt, and the average price will be calculated at the exchange rate at the time the currency was received.

Below we will consider various situations that affect the determination of the average price of the purchased currency.

Situation 1. Just bought currency

If you bought a currency in one transaction, then the average price will be equal to the price of the last transaction on the exchange (last price) at the moment when you made the transaction.

For example, you bought 10 $ at 70 ₽. The last transaction price on the exchange at the time of your purchase is 70.10 rubles.

In purchase transactions, the actual transaction price will be displayed – 70 ₽. And the average price field will display the price of the last transaction on the exchange — 70.10 rubles.

How to buy currency in Tinkoff Investments

If you bought a currency several times at different prices, then the average purchase price will be displayed in the Tinkoff Investments application. It is calculated using the arithmetic mean formula, which takes into account the weight of each term.

For example, you bought $10 at 80 ₽, and some time later, another $15 at 85 ₽. In total, you have $25 in your account.

Then the average purchase price is: (10 × 80 + 15 × 85) / (10 + 15) = 83 ₽.

Situation 2.

We bought currency for several transactions and sold part of it

If we sell part of the currency, then the average purchase price of the remaining position will change. The currency received as a result of transactions that were made earlier than the others will be excluded from the calculation of the average price. That is, the new average price will be calculated based on the prices of the transactions that you made last.

For example, you bought $10 at 80 ₽, and some time later, another $15 at 85 ₽. In total, you will have $25 in your account. The average purchase price is: (10 × 80 + 15 × 85) / (10 + 15) = 83 ₽.

Next, you sold $8 at any price. Account balance is $17. The average price will be calculated based on the last $17 credited to the account. That is, $15 bought for 85 ₽, and another $2 bought for 80 ₽.

The new average price will be: (2 × 80 + 15 × 85) / 17 = 84.41 RUB.

The average price changes in the same way when a currency is withdrawn from a brokerage account. All events that reduce the currency position are counted as a sale of the currency.

Situation 3. Bought a currency, received dividends or coupons in currency

Dividends, coupons and account replenishment affect the average price in the same way as buying a currency. To calculate the new average price, the exchange rate of the currency at the time the dividends or coupons are credited will be used, that is, the price of the last transaction on the Moscow Exchange.

For example, you had $100 in your account with an average purchase price of $75. If you receive $25 in dividends, then the average purchase price will change.

At the time the dividends were credited, the price of the last transaction with the dollar on the stock exchange was 90 ₽.

Then the new average will be: (100 × 75 + 25 × 90) / (100 + 25) = 78 ₽.

Situation 4. Bought a currency and bought an asset with it

Buying a security for a currency affects the average price in the same way as selling a currency.

For example, you bought $100 at 80 ₽, and some time later, another $150 at 85 ₽. In total, you have $250 in your account.

The average purchase price is: (100 × 80 + 150 × 85) / (100 + 150) = 83 ₽.

If you buy a foreign share for $50, you will have to subtract the $50 purchased in the first trade from the formula for calculating the average price. The balance on the account is $200.

The new average will be: ((100 × 80 + 150 × 85) − (50 × 80)) / 200 = $83.75.

Situation 5.

Bought a currency, bought an asset with it, and then sold it. If you bought a foreign security, then the currency position will decrease – for the calculation of the average, such a transaction will be considered as a sale of currency. When you sell this security, the currency position will increase – this will be considered as the receipt of a new currency at the current exchange price.

For example, you bought $100 at 80 ₽, and after some time another $150 at 85 ₽. In total, you have $250 in your account, and the average purchase price is: (100 × 80 + 150 × 85) / (100 + 150) = 83 ₽.

If you buy a foreign share for $50, you will have to subtract the $50 purchased in the first trade from the formula for calculating the average price. The account balance is $200 and the new average price is: (50 × 80 + 150 × 85) / 200 = ₽83.75.

If you then sell the same stock at the same price of $50, but the exchange rate for the dollar is, for example, 95 ₽, then the average price will change again: (50 × 80 + 150 × 85 + 50 × 95) / 250 = 86 ₽.

How to calculate the average price for tax calculation?

The calculation of taxes from currency transactions does not depend on the average purchase price of the currency. It will not be possible to use the average price from the Tinkoff Investments application for tax accounting.

To calculate the amount of tax on income from the sale of a currency, you need to take into account only transactions for the purchase and sale of the currency itself.

For example, you bought 100 $ at the rate of 80 ₽. Then they performed various operations with this currency: they bought and sold securities, received dividends, or transferred currency between accounts – all this affects the average price in the application. But no matter what you do, for the Federal Tax Service, when calculating the taxable base, the cost of buying the first $100 will remain 80 rubles.

If after some time you sell $100 at the rate of 90 ₽, then the tax should be calculated as follows: (100 × 90 − 100 × 80) × 13% = 130 ₽.

You need to report on income from the sale of currency to the tax office yourself: the broker cannot calculate and pay tax for you. You can find out the exact amounts of buying and selling currency in the Tinkoff Investment app:

When it is necessary to file a 3-NDFL declaration and pay tax on it

To pay the tax yourself, use the detailed guide on filling out the 3-NDFL declaration. You need to specify the income from currency transactions at step No. 5 “Fill in income within the Russian Federation”.

Also, do not forget to report to the tax office about buying and selling foreign currency outside of Tinkoff Investments. For example, if you bought cash currency in an exchanger, and then deposited it into a brokerage account and sold it at the exchange rate, then you need to report both the sale prices of the currency and the purchase prices to the tax office.

It is important not to confuse income from the sale of foreign currency with income from operations with foreign exchange securities. The broker calculates and withholds tax on such transactions automatically.

How to calculate the average cost of goods: Medium price formulas

Confidentiality Agreement

and processing personal data

1. General provisions

9000 1.1. The cost of confidentiality and processing of personal data (processing of personal data (processing of personal data (processing of personal data (processing of personal data (processing of personal data ( hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) is accepted freely and of its own free will, applies to all information that Insales Rus LLC and / or its affiliates, including all persons included in the same group with Insales Rus LLC (including EKAM LLC service”), can get about the User during his use of any of the sites, services, computer programs, products or services of Insales Rus LLC (hereinafter referred to as the Services) and in the course of execution of any agreements and contracts by Insales Rus LLC with the User. The User’s consent to the Agreement, expressed by him in the framework of relations with one of the listed persons, applies to all other listed persons.

1.2. The use of the Services means the User’s consent to this Agreement and the conditions specified therein; in case of disagreement with these conditions, the User must refrain from using the Services.

1.3. The parties (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) of this Agreement are:

“Insales” – Limited Liability Company “Insales Rus”, OGRN 1117746506514, TIN 7714843760, KPP 771401001 at Moscow 1, 12 , Akademika Ilyushin st., 4, building 1, office 11 (hereinafter referred to as “Insales”), on the one hand, and

“User” –

or an individual with legal capacity and recognized as a participant in civil legal relations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

or a legal entity registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such entity is a resident;

or an individual entrepreneur registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such person is a resident;

who has accepted the terms of this Agreement.

1.4. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Parties have determined that confidential information is information of any nature (production, technical, economic, organizational and others), including the results of intellectual activity, as well as information about the methods of carrying out professional activities (including, but not limited to: information about products, works and services; information about technologies and research works; data on technical systems and equipment, including software elements; business forecasts and information about proposed purchases; requirements and specifications of specific partners and potential partners; information relating to intellectual property, as well as plans and technologies related to all of the above) communicated by one party to the other party in written and / or electronic form, expressly designated by the Party as its confidential information.

1.5. The purpose of this Agreement is to protect confidential information that the Parties will exchange during negotiations, conclusion of contracts and fulfillment of obligations, as well as any other interaction (including, but not limited to, consulting, requesting and providing information, and performing other assignments) .

2. Obligations of the Parties

to any third party without the prior written permission of the other Party, except in cases specified in the current legislation, when the provision of such information is the responsibility of the Parties.

2.2. Each Party will take all necessary measures to protect confidential information at least with the same measures that the Party applies to protect its own confidential information. Access to confidential information is provided only to those employees of each of the Parties who reasonably need it to perform their official duties for the execution of this Agreement.

2.3. The obligation to keep secret confidential information is valid within the term of this Agreement, the license agreement for computer programs dated 01.12.2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs, agency and other agreements and for five years after their termination, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties.

2.4. The following cases will not be considered a violation of this Agreement:

(a) if the information provided has become publicly available without violating the obligations of one of the Parties;

(b) if the information provided became known to the Party as a result of its own research, systematic observations or other activities carried out without using confidential information received from the other Party;

(c) if the information provided is lawfully obtained from a third party without an obligation to keep it secret until it is provided by one of the Parties;

(d) if the information is provided at the written request of a state authority, other state authority, or local government in order to perform their functions and its disclosure to these authorities is mandatory for the Party. In this case, the Party must immediately notify the other Party of the request received;

(e) if the information is provided to a third party with the consent of the Party about which the information is being transferred.

2.5. Insales does not verify the accuracy of the information provided by the User, and is not able to assess its legal capacity.

2.6. The information that the User provides to Insales when registering in the Services is not personal data, as they are defined in the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006. “About personal data”.

2.7. Insales has the right to amend this Agreement. When making changes in the current version, the date of the last update is indicated. The new version of the Agreement comes into force from the moment of its placement, unless otherwise provided by the new version of the Agreement.

2.8. By accepting this Agreement, the User acknowledges and agrees that Insales may send personalized messages and information to the User (including, but not limited to) to improve the quality of the Services, to develop new products, to create and send personal offers to the User, to inform of the User about changes in the Tariff Plans and updates, to send marketing materials to the User on the subject of the Services, to protect the Services and Users, and for other purposes.

The user has the right to refuse to receive the above information by notifying it in writing to the e-mail address Insales – [email protected].

2.9. By accepting this Agreement, the User acknowledges and agrees that the Insales Services may use cookies, counters, other technologies to ensure the operation of the Services in general or their individual functions in particular, and the User has no claims against Insales in connection with this .

2.10. The user is aware that the equipment and software used by him to visit sites on the Internet may have the function of prohibiting operations with cookies (for any sites or for certain sites), as well as deleting previously received cookies.

Insales has the right to determine that the provision of a certain Service is possible only if the acceptance and receipt of cookies is allowed by the User.

2.11. The user is solely responsible for the security of the means chosen by him to access the account, and also independently ensures their confidentiality. The User is solely responsible for all actions (as well as their consequences) within or using the Services under the User’s account, including cases of voluntary transfer by the User of data to access the User’s account to third parties under any conditions (including under contracts or agreements) . At the same time, all actions within or using the Services under the User’s account are considered to be performed by the User himself, except for cases when the User notified Insales of unauthorized access to the Services using the User’s account and / or any violation (suspicions of violation) of the confidentiality of their account access.

2.12. The User is obliged to immediately notify Insales of any case of unauthorized (not authorized by the User) access to the Services using the User’s account and / or any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of their means of access to the account. For security purposes, the User is obliged to independently carry out a safe shutdown of work under his account at the end of each session of work with the Services. Insales is not responsible for the possible loss or corruption of data, as well as other consequences of any nature that may occur due to the violation by the User of the provisions of this part of the Agreement.

3. Liability of the Parties

the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3.2. Compensation for damages does not terminate the obligations of the violating Party for the proper performance of obligations under the Agreement.

4. Miscellaneous

be sent by e-mail to the addresses specified in the license agreement for computer programs dated December 01, 2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs and in this Agreement or other addresses that may be further specified in writing by the Party.

4.2. If one or more provisions (conditions) of this Agreement are or become invalid, this cannot be a reason for termination of other provisions (conditions).