Historia de san lorenzo: Biografía de San Lorenzo, Diácono y Mártir
Biografía de San Lorenzo, Diácono y Mártir
Su nombre significa: “coronado de laurel”.
Los datos acerca de este santo los ha narrado San Ambrosio, San Agustín y el poeta Prudencio.
Lorenzo era uno de los siete diáconos de Roma, o sea uno de los siete hombres de confianza del Sumo Pontífice. Su oficio era de gran responsabilidad, pues estaba encargado de distribuir las ayudas a los pobres.
En el año 257 el emperador Valeriano publicó un decreto de persecución en el cual ordenaba que todo el que se declarara cristiano sería condenado a muerte. El 6 de agosto el Papa San Sixto estaba celebrando la santa Misa en un cementerio de Roma cuando fue asesinado junto con cuatro de sus diáconos por la policía del emperador. Cuatro días después fue martirizado su diácono San Lorenzo.
La antigua tradición dice que cuando Lorenzo vio que al Sumo Pontífice lo iban a matar le dijo: “Padre mío, ¿te vas sin llevarte a tu diácono?” y San Sixto le respondió: “Hijo mío, dentro de pocos días me seguirás”. Lorenzo se alegró mucho al saber que pronto iría a gozar de la gloria de Dios.
Entonces Lorenzo viendo que el peligro llegaba, recogió todo el dinero y demás bienes que la Iglesia tenía en Roma y los repartió entre los pobres. Y vendió los cálices de oro, copones y candelabros valiosos, y el dinero lo dio a las gentes más necesitadas.
El alcalde de Roma, que era un pagano muy amigo de conseguir dinero, llamó a Lorenzo y le dijo: “Me han dicho que los cristianos emplean cálices y patenas de oro en sus sacrificios, y que en sus celebraciones tienen candelabros muy valiosos. Vaya, recoja todos los tesoros de la Iglesia y me los trae, porque el emperador necesita dinero para costear una guerra que va a empezar”.
Lorenzo le pidió que le diera tres días de plazo para reunir todos los tesoros de la Iglesia, y en esos días fue invitando a todos los pobres, lisiados, mendigos, huérfanos, viudas, ancianos, mutilados, ciegos y leprosos que él ayudaba con sus limosnas. Y al tercer día los hizo formar en filas, y mandó llamar al alcalde diciéndole: “Ya tengo reunidos todos los tesoros de la iglesia. Le aseguro que son más valiosos que los que posee el emperador”.
Llegó el alcalde muy contento pensando llenarse de oro y plata y al ver semejante colección de miseria y enfermedad se disgustó enormemente, pero Lorenzo le dijo: “¿por qué se disgusta? ¡Estos son los tesoros más apreciados de la iglesia de Cristo!”
El alcalde lleno de rabia le dijo: “Pues ahora lo mando matar, pero no crea que va a morir instantáneamente. Lo haré morir poco a poco para que padezca todo lo que nunca se había imaginado. Ya que tiene tantos deseos de ser mártir, lo martirizaré horriblemente”.
Y encendieron una parrilla de hierro y ahí acostaron al diácono Lorenzo. San Agustín dice que el gran deseo que el mártir tenía de ir junto a Cristo le hacía no darle importancia a los dolores de esa tortura.
Los cristianos vieron el rostro del mártir rodeado de un esplendor hermosísismo y sintieron un aroma muy agradable mientras lo quemaban. Los paganos ni veían ni sentían nada de eso.
Después de un rato de estarse quemando en la parrilla ardiendo el mártir dijo al juez: “Ya estoy asado por un lado. Ahora que me vuelvan hacia el otro lado para quedar asado por completo”. El verdugo mandó que lo voltearan y así se quemó por completo. Cuando sintió que ya estaba completamente asado exclamó: “La carne ya está lista, pueden comer”. Y con una tranquilidad que nadie había imaginado rezó por la conversión de Roma y la difusión de la religión de Cristo en todo el mundo, y exhaló su último suspiro. Era el 10 de agosto del año 258.
El poeta Pruedencio dice que el martirio de San Lorenzo sirvió mucho para la conversión de Roma porque la vista del valor y constancia de este gran hombre convirtió a varios senadores y desde ese día la idolatía empezó a disminuir en la ciudad.
San Agustín afirma que Dios obró muchos milagros en Roma en favor de los que se encomendaban a San Lorenzo.
El santo padre mandó construirle una hermosa Basílica en Roma, siendo la Basílica de San Lorenzo la quinta en importancia en la Ciudad Eterna.
-
Especial de San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo | Real Academia de la Historia
Buscador sencillo
Buscador avanzado
Imagen
Biografía
Lorenzo, San. ?, p. m. s. iii – Roma (Italia), 10.VIII.258. Diácono, mártir, santo.
Lo único que puede afirmarse con seguridad del más famoso mártir de la Iglesia de Roma es que era diácono del papa Sixto II y que sufrió el martirio en la Ciudad Eterna durante la persecución de Valeriano. A fines del siglo v se redactó la primera versión de la Passio Polycronii, donde se cuenta su muerte, escrito que poco a poco se fue enriqueciendo con todos los detalles que hoy se conocen sobre la figura de este mártir, pero que no tienen garantía alguna de historicidad.
Según la tradición, Lorenzo nació en Huesca en el seno de una pudiente familia que lo envió a estudiar a Zaragoza. De aquí pasó a Roma, donde llegó a ser archidiácono de la ciudad. Al comenzar la persecución de Valeriano, Lorenzo, como administrador de los bienes de la Iglesia, los vendió todos y distribuyó el producto a los pobres. Cuando el emperador Valeriano le exigió la entrega de los haberes a él confiados, Lorenzo se presentó ante él con cuantos pobres y enfermos pudo, diciéndole que aquellos eran los tesoros de la Iglesia. Irritado, el Emperador mandó torturarlo cruelmente y finalmente darle muerte asándolo sobre una parrilla.
El culto a san Lorenzo se extendió rápidamente por toda la cristiandad; en España el poeta Prudencio le dedicó el himno segundo del Peristephanon (compuesto entre los años 398-405), lo que le valió una gran popularidad.
Bibl. : P. Guérin, Les petits Bollandistes, vol. IX, Bar-le-Duc, Louis Guérin, 1873, págs. 430-439; Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis, vol. II, Bruselas, Socii Bollandiani, 1900-1901, págs. 708-712; Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis. Supplementi, Bruselas, Bollandiani, 1911, págs. 187-188; Aurelio Prudencio, Obras completas. Edición bilingüe, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1950, págs. 488-521; A. Fábrega Grau, Pasionario hispánico, vol. I, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 1953, págs. 181-183; vol. II, Madrid, CSIC, 1955, págs. 331-334; S. Carletti, “Lorenzo”, en VV. AA., Bibliotheca Sanctorum, vol. VIII, Roma, Istituto Giovanni XXIII, 1966, cols. 108-121; H. Fros, Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis. Novum supplementum, Bruselas, Société des Bollandistes, 1986, págs. 518- 521.
Biografía escrita por Miguel C. Vivancos Gómez (Melilla 1958), doctor en Historia por la Universidad de Valladolid y licenciado en Ciencias Teológicas por la Facultad de Teología del Norte de España, sede de Burgos. Monje de Santo Domingo de Silos (Burgos) desde 1977 hasta 2014, actualmente reside en Madrid, de cuya diócesis es sacerdote. Es autor de numerosos libros de historia medieval y monástica, entre los que destacan los tres volúmenes de Documentación del monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos (954-1300), Silos 1988-1998; Glosas y notas marginales de los manuscritos visigóticos del monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos, Silos 1996, que fue su tesis doctoral; El monasterio de Montserrat de Madrid durante la persecución religiosa de 1936, Silos 2003; Glosas marginales de los manuscritos visigóticos de San Millán de la Cogolla, Logroño 2010; Reinado y diplomas de Sancho II de Castilla y León, Madrid 2014; Traducciones castellanas del códice De San Millán de la Cogolla RAH 59, Madrid 2015.
Gonzalo de Berceo
José García Hidalgo
Vicencio Juan de Lastanosa y Baraiz de Vera
Cristóbal de Morales
Juan Bautista Monegro
Pedro Orrente
Aurelio Prudencio Clemente
Ventura Rodríguez Tizón
Francisco Javier Sampere Ramonichk
Alonso Sánchez Coello
Juan de Valdés Leal
Nicolás de Villacis Arias
San Lorenzo
Mismo ámbito disciplinar / Misma épocaMismo ámbito geográfico de nacimiento / Misma épocaMismo ámbito geográfico de muerte / Misma época
Santa Centola
San Acisclo
Santa Centola
San Ciriaco
San Cucufate
San Emeterio
San Facundo
San Fausto
San Félix de Gerona
San Fructuoso de Tarragona
Santa Leocadia
San Marcelo
San Narciso
San Rufino
San Victor de Braga
Italia
San Vidal
Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence
23,849 views
If you happen to want to visit the resting place of the last of the Medici family while in Florence, visit the Church of St. Lawrence ( Basilica di San Lorenzo ). And even though this harsh building is not located in the most prestigious place in the city, and, in fact, is unfinished, it certainly deserves your attention. Indeed, in the past, the Basilica of San Lorenzo was a small family church of the great Medici family. And from an architectural point of view is one of the first churches belonging to the Renaissance .
Contents
History
Let’s go back a little and try to find out the history of this controversial building. So, back in 393 AD. Milanese archbishop Ambrogio ordered the laying of a church dedicated to St. Lawrence and the first archbishop of Florence, St. Zenobius. The relics of the latter were kept within the walls of the church from the 4th to the 7th centuries. It was at this time that the Basilica of St. Lawrence was considered the Cathedral. Today, the main cathedral of Florence is Santa Maria del Fiore. nine0004
In the 11th century, the first global reconstruction of the building took place, during which the Renaissance style was replaced by Romanesque. At the beginning of the 15th century, several influential Florentine townspeople banded together to finance the expansion of the Church of San Lorenzo. The most significant was the donation made by Giovanni Medici, who wished to enter the higher strata of society in this way and strengthen his status.
The main architect for the work on the basilica was Filippo Brunelleschi . The first thing the famous Italian architect did was to add a side chapel, which later became known as the Old Sacristy.
Since it was planned to arrange a tomb for the Medici, Giovanni never spared funds to finance the construction.
The construction of the Old Chapel lasted from 1421 to 1428. Its interior revived the system of a dome covering a square room. The interior space was characterized by simplicity and clarity. nine0004
After finishing work on the sacristy, Brunelleschi began general work on the church. However, he did not have time to finish them. In 1429, Giovanni de’ Medici passed away. And with his death, the financial flow also dries up. In the future, work on the reconstruction of San Lorenzo continued with the filing of Cosimo Medici the Old, who invited Bartolomeo Michelozzo to the post of architect . Later, Cosimo the Elder became the first buried in the underground crypt, and the Basilica of San Lorenzo became the burial place of all members of the famous Florentine family. nine0004
In 1520, Pope Leo Medici hired the architect Michelangelo Buonarotti to build the New Sacristy (Sacristy). In it, one of the great Medici planned to bury those from the family who left the world at a young age (Giuliano Medici, Lorenzo di Pietra). This project is one of the most important in the creative life of the master. For example, if earlier the tombs and tombstones themselves were usually placed in the center of the room, then Michelangelo was not afraid to make an architectural revolution by placing tombs and statues around the perimeter along the walls. nine0004
Interestingly, the façade was never completed. According to historical documents, this was due to disagreements between Michelangelo and Pope Leo X of the Medici. Michelangelo insisted on facing the facade with Carrara marble, while the pope preferred to decorate the facade with stone from Pietrasanta.
Actually, the dispute itself arose due to the fact that the facade was supposed to reflect the skill of Italian artists and at the same time testify to the power of the Medici family. And for this, Leo X considered his choice of stone more acceptable. The stubbornness of the sides led to the unfinished façade. After the death of the pope, funding decreased, and the project itself came to naught. nine0004
In order to prevent the great artist from completely turning away from his family, Cardinal Giulio Medici decided to distract him from the facade and commissioned the creation of a new chapel in the Basilica of San Lorenzo. Work on the new building began in 1519. And until now, the tomb sculptures created by him attract tourists from all over the world. In addition to tourists, students from art academies can often be seen in the chapel. Here they learn the craft on the example of world masterpieces.
What to see
Despite the external ugliness of the basilica, a tourist who gets inside San Lorenzo is unlikely to regret it. After all, he will have the opportunity to see the world’s works of art. For example, it is worth noting the bronze pulpit by the great Donatello, which appeared in the second half of the 15th century. The interior is mesmerizing. A row of columns of various diameters, devoid of any decoration, is believed to be the work of the architect Vasalleto. It is impossible to ignore the magnificent floor pattern, reminiscent of a carpet with drawings on a church theme. nine0004
Old Sacristy
The interior of the Old Sacristy is filled with beautiful medallions, lunettes and bas-reliefs by Donatello. There is also the tomb of Giovanni and Pietro Medici. The inner surface of the dome is decorated with a unique fresco. It depicts the sky with day and night luminaries, as well as the stars known at that time.
New Sacristy
The sarcophagi of two Medici dukes are kept within the walls of the New Sacristy. The tombs are decorated with various allegorical sculptures made by Michelangelo. In the center is the composition “Madonna and Child”. nine0004
Chapel of the Princes (Cappella Dei Principi)
The octagonal room of the Chapel of the Princes has the second largest dome in Florence. The dome is decorated with frescoes, on which you can see images of the city coats of arms of the Duchy of Tuscany. The painting of the crypt in which the Medici are buried was made in 1826 by Pietro Benvenuti.
Laurentian Library (Biblioteca Laurenziana)
Buonarotti also owns the Laurentian Library. The master was engaged in its construction from 1524 to 1534, by order of Pope Clement VII of the Medici. nine0076
He also designed an amazing staircase, in the form of a flow of molten lava, and the interior of the reading room. The library contains many books and historical manuscripts. The original collection belonged to Cosimo the Old, and was later expanded by the rest of the extended Medici family. The library also owns some priceless items. For example, a Bible dated to the 8th century AD. or the most ancient Roman encyclopedia (Naturalis Historia).
Where is it located? How does it work? What is the price? nine0016
- The Church of St. Lawrence is located in the square of the same name at Piazza San Lorenzo.
- Opening hours: daily, except Monday.
- Entry fee: 3.5 euros. Do not forget that the church is active, and on Sunday you can attend mass for free.
Despite the fact that the Church of St. Lawrence is not the most majestic architectural structure, it attracts tourists from all over the world every year. And, of course, the Medici family parish deserves your attention. nine0004
Author: Team ITALY FOR ME
We are in love with Italy from the first time and for life. We are happy to share useful tips and inspire you to travel to the most beautiful country in the world.
We are waiting for everyone who wants to fall in love with Italy on our author’s excursions in Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice, Genoa, Bologna, Parma, Milan, Tuscany, as well as in Sicily and Sardinia.
Your questions, feedback and comments on the topic of article
Your opinion matters! Please rate the article!
San Lorenzo (Vonnegut) | this… What is San Lorenzo (Vonnegut)?
This term has other meanings, see San Lorenzo.
Flag of San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo (Republic of San Lorenzo) is a fictional island nation featured in Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Cat’s Cradle (1963). Much of the second half of the book takes place there.
Contents
|
Location
San Lorenzo is a tiny rocky island located in the Caribbean Sea near Puerto Rico. The island is about 50 miles (80 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) wide.
Capital
There is only one city on San Lorenzo, which is its capital – Bolivar. Located in the southern part of the island on a swampy plateau. Previously, it was called Kaz-ma-kaz-ma, Santa Maria, San Louis, St. George and Port Gloria. The current name was given in 1922 in honor of Simon Bolivar.
Nature
In the northern part of the island are the Sangre de Cristo mountains. The highest point is Mount McCabe, approx. 3300 m above sea level. There are no minerals on the island.
Population
Population: 450 thousand people (1963). Population density: 230 people per km². The standard of living of the population is extremely low. Average income: 6-7 US dollars per capita.
History
Colonial period
In 1519, Fernando Cortés and his men landed on the island of San Lorenzo to stock up on fresh water, named the island, gave it to King Charles V, and never returned. Many sailors landed on the island and looked for gold, diamonds and rubies there, but found nothing and left the island.
In 1682, France claimed San Lorenzo, to which Spain did not object. In 1699, Denmark claimed San Lorenzo, to which France did not object. In 1704, the island passed to Holland in the same way, in 1706 to England, and later again to Spain. nine0004
In 1786 African Negroes took possession of a British slave ship, landed on San Lorenzo and declared the island an independent nation. The Spaniards did not object to this. Tum-Bumva became emperor. During his reign, the Cathedral of San Lorenzo was built (blown up in 1923) and fortifications on the northern coast of the island (during the construction of the fortifications, one and a half thousand people died, while half of them were publicly executed “for lack of diligence”).
XX century
Until the beginning of the 20th century, anarchy with elements of feudalism reigned on the island.
In 1916, the Castle and Son Sugar Company appeared on San Lorenzo, which took over the production of sugar and eventually took control of all the prolific lands on the island.
In 1922, Lionel Boyd Johnson (or Bokonon) and U.S. Marine Corporal Earl McCabe were shipwrecked on the island and announced they were taking power into their own hands. McCabe and Johnson dreamed of creating a utopia in San Lorenzo. nine0004
To this end, McCabe remade the entire economy and all the legislation of the island, and Johnson came up with a new religion – Bokonism.
Government
The form of government of the country is a dictatorship ruled by President “Papa” Monzano, who is a staunch ally of the United States and an opponent of communism.
There is no legislative power.
Any crime is punishable by hanging on a hook (a hook is stuck in the stomach of the offender, after which he is hung on a crossbar). As a result, the island has a very low crime rate. nine0004
Economy
The infrastructure of San Lorenzo is poorly developed. The buildings are in a worn condition, the roads are mostly unpaved. There is only one taxi in San Lorenzo.
Exported products: sugar, coffee, bananas, indigo and handicrafts.
Currency: corporal (the exchange rate is rigidly fixed at the level of 1 corporal = 0.50 US dollars).
Language
The island speaks a “San Lorenzo dialect”, a Creole based on English. So, the first line of the song “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” in the local dialect sounds “Tsvent-kiul, tsvent-kiul, lett-pool store”. nine0004
State Symbols
The San Lorenzo National Anthem is based on the popular song “Home on the Range”. The author of the lyrics of the anthem is Bokonon.
|
|
The San Lorenzo flag features the chevrons of a USMC Corporal on a bright blue background.