Museo del niño san juan: Museo del Niño de Carolina

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February 4, 2023
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Buscan evitar cierre del Museo del Niño de San Juan

Este museo, ubicado entre la Catedral de San Juan y La Fortaleza en el Viejo San Juan, fue el primer museo para niños en Puerto Rico. ([email protected])

Nota de archivo: esta historia fue publicada hace más de 7 años.

Por Alex Figueroa Cancel

Actualizado: 11 de marzo de 2016 • 10:03pm

Presentado por

En la víspera del día en que se supone que cierre sus puertas el Museo del Niño en el Viejo San Juan, surgió una oferta para que pueda extender su historia de más de dos décadas.

La alcaldesa de San Juan, Carmen Yulín Cruz, informó este viernes que le ofreció a la administración del Museo un donativo para continuar con sus operaciones en un acuerdo de colaboración para incluirlo en la oferta cultural de la alcaldía capitalina.

Cruz indicó que personal de su oficina se comunicó hoy mismo con la directora y fundadora del museo, Carmen Vega, para presentarle la propuesta para cubrir los $200,000 anuales que necesita el museo.

“El donativo se dividiría en dos partes porque el año fiscal cierra en junio. Así que el primer donativo sería de $70,000 para cubrir los meses de abril, marzo, mayo y junio. Los otros $130,000 serían para operar a partir de julio”, explicó Cruz en entrevista telefónica con este medio.

“El primer donativo para cubrir los primeros cuatro meses nos daría tiempo para elaborar un acuerdo colaborativo en el que el Municipio pueda incluir al museo en su oferta cultural y en todas aquellas actividades de difusión de información que tenga el Municipio”, agregó.

La alcaldesa enfatizó en que el Municipio no tomará control del Museo, sino que la entidad mantendrá la operación que ha mantenido desde que abrió al público hace 22 años.

“Ellos siempre van a mantener la visión completa de lo que es el Museo. Nosotros vamos a ver cómo podemos ayudarlos en su oferta y para que lleguen más persona a visitarlo”, sostuvo. “El Museo del Niño es parte integral de la oferta sanjuanera. Puede haber una sinergía con los otros parques que hemos reabierto, como el Parque Luis Muñoz Marín y el Parque de las Palomas”.

“Hemos recibido de 7,000 a 8,000 personas en los pasados fines desde semana en el Parque Luis Muñoz Marín desde que reabrió. Podemos poner un trolley para que los interesados puedan ir de ese parque al Museo del Niño, al parque de las Palomas. También podemos incentivar las visitas ponchando el boleto para los que usen estacionamientos municipales. Hay varias opciones que podemos explorar, porque la oferta del museo es cónsona con la política pública de impulsar la plataforma cultural como vía de desarrollo social y económica”, agregó.

Este museo, ubicado entre la Catedral de San Juan y La Fortaleza en el Viejo San Juan, fue el primer museo para niños en Puerto Rico cuando abrió hace 22 años, tras seis años de planificación.

Después de una época de gran auge, en los años recientes experimentó una reducción en la cantidad de visitantes. Al no contar con apoyo económico del sector público ni privado, la administración se encontró sin dinero para operar y decidió cerrar.

La Junta de Directores decidió que hoy, viernes, sería el último día para recibir excursiones escolares. Mañana, sábado, sería el último día en que el Museo permanecería abierto para el público general y está planificado un día familiar de despedida con una serie de actividades para niños, adolescentes y adultos.

Por su parte, la directora y fundadora del Museo, Carmen Vega, confirmó que recibió la oferta en la tarde de hoy y señaló que llevaría la propuesta ante la Junta de Directores del Museo para tomar una decisión.

Mientras, indicó que se mantiene en pie el programa de mañana, sábado, de 11:00 de la mañana a 5:00 de la tarde. Además de las exhibiciones del Museo, habrá zanqueros, juegos, manualidades, caricaturistas, payasos y pintada de caras, entre otras actividades.

Para Vega y las dos empleadas de la institución, estos últimos días han sido muy difíciles. Una de ellas estalló en llanto el jueves, cuando un grupo de alumnos se despidió de ella con un abrazo colectivo.

Desde la puerta del Museo, esta mañana, Vega esperaba las últimas excursiones de estudiantes con una mezcla de emociones. Por un lado lamentaba el desenlace, sabiendo que añorará el frenesí de niños disfrutando, pero, de otro lado, dijo que estaba satisfecha de haber cumplido con la misión que se propuso tres décadas atrás.

“Fue bien difícil (la decisión de cerrar), especialmente para mí, que soy la fundadora. He dedicado casi 30 años de mi vida a este proyecto”, expresó Vega, sin dejarse dominar por la resignación.

“Pero sé que se logró el objetivo, que era impactar la vida de muchas personas y crear conciencia de que la educación es la contestación a todos nuestros problemas”, destacó. “Si educamos bien a nuestra niñez, eso es todo, eso es lo que tenemos que hacer y todo caerá en su sitio”.

Queda por verse si mañana, sábado, las puertas del Museo cierran para siempre o si habrá un nuevo día la semana siguiente para seguir adelante con su misión de educar y entretener.

Snail Museum, Mexico City, Mexico – HiSoUR – HiSoUR – Hi So You Are

Caracol Museum (Historical Gallery), famous for its spiral shape of the sea snail, was conceived as a didactic and expressive museum for children and teenagers. In descending form, there are twelve rooms, equivalent to two floors of the exhibition. The museum offers the opportunity to get acquainted with the great historical events that gave birth to modern Mexico, as well as the features and characteristics of a society that has developed and transformed over the course of 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century.

The museum is divided into five periods. The period of Independence and the First Empire is exposed from room 1-4. Invasion of the Republic and North America in rooms 5 and 6. Rooms 7-9 show the Reformation and the Restored Republic. Porfiriato in room 10 and Revolution at 11 and 12.

history
Museo del Caracol Historical Gallery is a very young museum, it has just turned 58 years old! He was born in 1960 as part of a large educational and cultural project for a country that was growing dizzy. It was also born as part of the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the beginning of independence and the fiftieth anniversary of the revolution. nine0003

El Caracol had his first dream of the Minister of Public Education, Mr. Jaime Torres Bode. He developed an educational project aimed at improving basic education. Don Jaime helped build schools and distribute millions of free textbooks. In this great project, known as the Eleven Year Plan, knowledge of history and the preparation of good citizens were fundamental aspects. For this reason, in 1960, he proposed building another museum dedicated to Mexican children and youth, where historical learning was visual. nine0003

But Torres Bode could not have done this project without help. People of high quality and experience took part in this project. Architect Pedro Ramírez Vasquez created the building in harmony with the old Chapultepec hill. Iker Larrauri and Julio Prieto did the reconstruction of the scenes and environments of the past, while the historian Arturo Arnais i Freg developed the historical scenario.

Many hopes were expressed in the Gallery of History. In just ten months it was ready. By opening it, Secretary Torres Bode exalted his educational function; it would have said “open textbook”. More than half a century later, this mission is still being carried out. nine0003

designed by the architect Ramirez Vasquez, the spiral embedded in the rock gave rise to the affectionate name “El Caracol”.

When the first visitors made the tour, they were completely amazed. There was not a single old exhibit in the entire museum, but there were models and dioramas that gave life to the museum and history

Great moments of national history from independence to the promulgation of the 1917 constitution were concentrated in the snail: outstanding characters, children, women, soldiers, dogs and horses, haciendas and palaces. The whole past has been resurrected to be within reach of the Mexicans. nine0003

Half a century later, our museum continues to enjoy perfect health. It still fulfills the educational function that Torres Bodet wanted for it. It is an aviary where not only children but also young people and adults come to learn about our history, about what represents us as Mexicans, what makes us who we are today.

Exhibition Halls

Independence and the First Empire

Hall 1: The Last Years of the Viceroyalty
The precedent of the War of Independence is the Bourbon reforms that were promoted by the Spanish kings who belonged to the Bourbon dynasty. With these provisions, the expulsion of the Jesuits was achieved in 1767, and the principle of the viceroy of the Marquis de Croix came into force, in which the inhabitants of New Spain were born to be silent and obedient, and not to speak their mind about the affairs of government. nine0003

Plaza Mayor Mexico City in 1767

Plinth served as a market for many centuries. There was also a Parisian building selling furniture, fabrics, glass and goods from Europe and the East. Plaza Mayor was the place where they learned about the events that took place in the rest of the territories. Here a pillory was erected to offend or subject offenders to public disgrace, as well as a gallows for those sentenced to death.

piracy

During the Viceroyalty, the Prosecution who arrived or left New Spain were attacked by the English, Dutch and French, so it was necessary to build forts and defensive walls in coastal towns. nine0003

City of Mexico proposes autonomous government

Juan Francisco Azcarat, Francisco Primo de Verdad and Ramos and brother Melchor de Talamantes were Creoles who ran the town hall in Mexico City. Among his proposals, he ignored José Bonaparte and formed a provisional government.

Detention of Viceroy José de Iturrigarey

Following the rejection by the Spaniards of an agreement between the Mexico City Council and the Viceroy to ignore José Bonaparte; September 15, 1808 Gabriel Yermo dismisses the viceroy of Iturrigarey and sends Azcarat, Primo de Verdada and Talamantes to prison. nine0003

Denunciation of Miguel Hidalgo’s conspiracy

The conspirators decided to advance the rebellion after the confession of a dying man in which he condemned the preparations for an uprising against the Spaniards, shown by the priest Rafael Gil de Leon before the authorities on September 13, 1810.

Room 2: The Rise of Miguel Hidalgo
The War of Independence lasted eleven years. During this historical process, social groups and the original ideology were different at the end of the war. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s movement was characterized by some improvisation as the priest was an enlightened man but with little military information. The Hidalgo rebellion began on September 16, 1810 in Dolores, Hidalgo lasted less than a year. The priest was captured by the royalists at Acatita de Baján and on July 30, 1810, Hidalgo was shot dead. Even without Miguel Hidalgo, the independence movement continued. nine0003

A cry of pain

After the plot was discovered, Miguel Hidalgo and Allende decided to release the prisoners and imprison the Spaniards in order to start an independence movement. Hidalgo went to the atrium of the church to ring the bells and then speak to the crowd and convince them to start fighting the viceroyal government. About five hundred people formed the first rebel army, which in less than two months added to eighty thousand.

After discovering the Conspiracy, Miguel Hidalgo decides to promote the movement and educate his masters

The first rebel army consisted of natives, mutts and prisoners. During the offensive of the movement, mestizos, armed peasants and mulattos who worked in factories and mines were captured. Allende and Aldama were in charge of the careers of the military, being the only disciplined faction of the movement. However, there were mutinies and looting by the rebel group, as there was much resentment and suffering that led to the oppression of the three centuries of the colony.

Attack on Alhondiga de Granaditas

The first great battle of the War of Independence was the attack on Guanajuato.

Miguel Hidalgo ordered Morelos

In Indaparapeo Michoacán, Miguel Hidalgo instructed José María Morelos and Pavon to extend the war to the south of Mexico.

Battle of the Hill of Crosses

After the capture of Valladolid, today Morelia, the rebel army headed towards Mexico City. However, on the Hill of Crosses, a realistic army pursued them with better weapons and greater discipline. Mariano Abasolo and Mariano Jiménez defeated the royalists. Hidalgo, instead of following Mexico City, decided to retire to avoid losses in his army. nine0003

Miguel Hidalgo in Guadalajara

In Guadalajara, he published an anti-slavery decree abolishing the payment of taxes, which was replaced by the Alcabal land tax.

Room 3: Participation of José María Morelos
After the death of Miguel Hidalgo, the movement was led by José María Morelos y Pavon. Morelos determined the places where an independent government would be established. At Chilpancingo, Morelos convened the Supreme American National Congress.

Siege of Cuautla

Morelos, together with the rebel army, resisted the persecution of the royalists for two months in Cuautla, Morelos, where they were besieged and suffered from thirst and hunger. Hermenegildo Galeana has reclaimed a source of vital fluid. May 2, 1812 Morelos leaves Cuautla, losing weapons and people. nine0003

Child shooter

Narciso Mendoza is known in history as “El Niño Artillero” for shooting Felix Maria Calleja and a realistic army with a cannon during the siege of Cuautla in 1812.

José María Morelos and the Congress of Chilpancingo

At Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Morelos convened a Congress at which the independence of Spain was declared. Morelos became a Servant of the Nation and Congress at the mercy of the rebels. The Congress was formed by elected deputies, which was known as the Congress of Anahuac. In Chilpancingo, questions were discussed about the conformation of the new country and the rights of the Mexicans. In November 1815, Morelos was taken prisoner, and in December the Congress was dissolved. nine0003

Nicolás Bravo forgives realistic soldiers

Nicolás Bravo has been appointed military commander of the province of Veracruz. After his father Don Leonardo Bravo was detained, he released realistic soldiers in El Palmar, Guerrero. Nicholas Bravo was a royalist prisoner from 1817 to 1820. He played an important role in the first decades of Mexican independence.

Court of José María Morelos

Vicente Guerrero rejects forgiveness After Morelos’ death, Vicente Guerrero led the movement. A realistic army approached Guerrero’s father to convince him to surrender, but he replied, “Country One.” nine0003

Landing of Francisco Javier Mina

Fray Servando Teresa de Mier was the Mexican forerunner of the independence movement. During a trip to Europe, he met Javier Mina and invited him to take part in the independence movement. They landed

Room 4: The end of independence
When José María Morelos died, Vicente Guerrero continued to fight in the south of the territory. To achieve their goals, the clergy and Spanish merchants of the viceroy had to hold certain secret meetings, mainly in the church of Profes, in Mexico City, where Agustín de Iturbide was appointed leader of the liberation movement. The Spaniards asked Iturbide to defeat Guerrero, however he invited him to join his movement which ended Independence in September 1821. nine0003

Embrace of Acatempan

Guerrero and Iturbide met in Acatempan, Guerrero to seal the independence alliance. Iturbide carried the flag with the cross of Burgundy or San Andrés and Guerrero’s army belonged to the cactus eagle; both standards constituted a single symbol: the flag of the Three Guarantees, which consisted of the struggle for religion, independence and unity. Subsequently, the Plan of Iguala was implemented in February 1821, which declared independence and established a constitutional government for the monarchy. In August of the same year, Juan de O’Donoghue arrived in New Spain, a representative of the Spanish government and sympathetic to liberal ideas. O’Donoghue and Iturbide signed the “Agreements of Cordoba”, which would accept the independence of New Spain,

Entry of the Trigarant Army into Mexico City

Juan de O’Donojo convinces Francisco Novella to leave the capital of New Spain in 1821. On September 27, 1821, the Trigarant Army solemnly enters Mexico City. Iturbide takes over from President Cabildo. The Provisional Council and the Regency were formed and were under the control of Iturbide, in addition to being gormadas members of the old bureaucracy. The Independence Act of the Mexican Empire was promulgated and with that the war ended. nine0003

Coronation of Agustín de Iturbide

Agustín de Iturbide convened a Congress to resolve the political situation in Mexico. Three opinions emerged that the throne was occupied by someone born in America, or a member of the ruling house in Spain who would move to Mexico, or that Mexico would become a federal republic. Spain does not recognize Mexican independence. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor and his coronation took place on May 21, 1822. During his reign, many rebel leaders were excluded from his government. The Congress was dissolved and an absolutist monarchy was proposed. Santa Anna rebelled against Agustín de Iturbide, who decides to abdicate in 1823 and was shot dead in 1824. nine0003

The American Republic and the Invasion

Room 5: The Mexican Republic is born
In the early years of Mexico as an independent nation, it had several types of government, such as empire, federal republic, centralist republic, dictatorship and moderate regimes. On October 5, 1824, the Magna Carta entered into force, according to which Mexico would become a federal republic. Victoria Guadalupe was the first President of the Mexican Republic. nine0003

Constitution of 1824

The Constituent Congress of the Mexican Nation was formed on November 7, 1823 at the Jesuit Temple of San Pedro and San Pablo in Mexico City. It consisted of federalists and centralists, led by Miguel Ramos Arizpe and Servando’s brother Teresa de Mier, respectively. Both proposed the creation of a federal republic. On October 5, 1824, the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States was proclaimed, which had 171 articles, which established that Mexico would be a representative, federal, and people’s republic; With 2 powers: legislative and executive, and the official religion will be Catholic. nine0003

Surrender of the Spaniards in San Juan de Ulua

One of the first orders of Guadalupe Victoria was to evict the Spaniards from San Juan de Ulua, Veracruz, since from this place the operation in the main port of Mexico was hindered, which threatened independence country. In 1825 the city was blown up and a military siege began. All sea access was blocked so that the Spaniards did not receive water or food. On November 18, 1825, the Spaniards capitulated and Mexico gained sovereignty over its territory. nine0003

Invasion of Isidro Barradas

On July 26, 1829, an assassination attempt was made, led by Isidro Barradas. The movement was quickly seized, so an army contingent had to be sent, led by Santa Anna and Manuel Mier y Teran. Barradas was defeated at Fort La Barra. In Pueblo Viejo, Tamaulipas signed an agreement in which the invaders promised not to take up arms against Mexico.

Banco Avio

Banco del Avió was founded in 1830 by Don Lucas Alamán, who lent money to promote industry in the country. Together with Esteban de Antoigno, he supported technology during the industrial revolution. nine0003

Capture and death of Vicente Guerrero

Anastasio Bustamante rebelled against Guerrero’s government, which was forced to resign from office on December 16, 1829. Bustamante ordered the capture of Guerrero and after being captured he was transferred to Guerrero to be judged by a council of war and died by firing squad in Cuilapan, Oaxaca.

Battle of the Alamo

Texas and Zacatecas declared themselves in rebellion against Santa Anna centralism. Texas declares its independence from the Mexican government in 1835. Santa Anna captured Fort El Alamo, San Antonio; where he ordered the execution of all prisoners considered foreigners with weapons in the country. nine0003

Room 6: The American Invasion

General Antonio López de Santa Anna at the San Agustín de las Cuevas Fair

gambling and raising cocks who bet on fights. I bet they are in places that are considered rest and relaxation, like San Angel and Takubaya, where deck, bone, and sapwood were played; Picnics and dances were celebrated with musicians performing songs, syrups and romantic songs. nine0003

Battle of Angostura

The Americans wanted to take Mexico, started at Monterrey and continued to Coahuila. However, on February 22 and 23, 1847, resistance was found among a series of hills known as La Angostura. The invaders used Santa Anna to get the Mexican government to agree to sell them Alta California and New Mexico, but Congress never accepted it. If your offer is not accepted, the United States will decide to invade Mexico to take over California, New Mexico, and Texas. However, they were defeated, and after what happened, they decided to launch a second invasion campaign, in which they were victorious and, together with the Mexican government, signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in which our country recognized the Rio Grande as the northern border. The United States took over California0003

Battle of Churubusco

The Americans lost their first battle at Pedregal Padierna and moved towards the city of Churubusco. On August 20, 1847, American forces under David E. Twiggs defeated the Mexicans under Pedro Maria Anaya. The citizens had to surrender due to the depletion of their ammunition.

Assault on Chapultepec Castle
After the capture of Churubusco, the Americans set up camp in the cities of San Angel and Tacubaya. On September 13, 1847, there was an onslaught on the Military School at Chapultepec Castle. The cadets of the Military School, along with Nicholas Bravo, were bombarded until they surrendered. nine0003

The Reformation and the Restored Republic

Room 7: The Reform War
In the 19th century, there were two political groups in Mexico: liberals and conservatives. The liberals were in favor of a modern federal republic, while the conservatives continued the Spanish tradition.

Benito Juarez and José María Mata in New Orleans

Benito Juarez, who at that time was directly from the Scientific and Literary Institute of Oaxaca, was against the government of Santa Anna. Benito Juarez, being imprisoned in Xalapa and imprisoned in the castle of San Juan, went to the city of New Orleans where he befriended liberals such as José Maria Mata, Melchor Ocampo, José Guadalupe Montenegro and Ponciano Arriaga, among them they organized a revolution. Juarez and Mata returned to Mexico as soon as they learned of the Ayutla Revolution led by Juan Alvarez and Ignacio Comonfort. nine0003

Valentin Gómez Farias was the first to sign the Constitution of 1857, celebrated on February 5 of that year. The constitution reflects the essence of liberal ideologies.

Brave Don’t Kill

Benito Juarez is named President of the Republic in 1857. Guillermo Prieto saved Benito Juarez from execution in Guadalajara with an impromptu speech. Prieto’s words were; “Lower your weapons: the brave do not kill!”

Assassination of Melchor Ocampo

Leonardo Márquez orders the execution of the liberal Melchor Ocampo in Tepegi del Río, Hidalgo. nine0003

Battle of Calpulalpan

Juárez crossed Panama to reach Veracruz, where he established his government and promulgated reform laws in which the separation between Church and State, marriage and civil registration, the transfer of the administration of pantheons and cemeteries to the administration of the state and the transformation of the property of the Church into the heritage of the nation. On December 22, 1860, Miguel Miramón was defeated by the army of Jesús González Ortega at San Miguel Calpulalpan, after trying several times to capture the city of Veracruz, the Conservative Miramón was forced to flee the capital, taking refuge in Havana. In 1860, Juarez and liberal forces solemnly enter the city. nine0003

Battle of May 5

The army under the command of General Ignacio Zaragoza defeated the French troops in the city of Puebla on May 5, 1862.

Room 8: French Intervention (1862-1867)
Benito Juarez becomes President of Mexico in 1858. His main goals were public finances and the payment of foreign debt, because France, Spain and England were putting pressure on Mexico. Juarez was unable to negotiate with France, so on May 5, 1862, they took the city of Puebla. The Conservatives, having lost the war for reform, turned to Europe for help, receiving military assistance from Napoleon III. They offered the throne of Mexico to Maximilian of Habsburg, who arrived with his wife Carlota in 1864. nine0003

Mexican Throne Offering

Some thought that a monarchy would be the solution for Mexico. On October 3, 1863, the Conservatives gave an interview at the Miramar Palace, where they offered the throne to Maximilian of Austria.

Maximiliano and Carlota entering Mexico City

The countess wrote in the port of Veracruz: “The new sovereign of Mexico faced his own empire, in a short time he had to set foot on the ground, but his subjects fled. Nobody got it.” However, Maximiliano, along with his wife Carlota, were greeted with great jubilation by the Mexicans in June 1864. nine0003

Chinako camp

The term Chinako was used disparagingly. However, liberals have turned it into a word used to define honor and a symbol of the nationalist cause. The Chinaks were ranchers. One of the best Chinaks was Nicholas Romero, who never thought about the number of his enemies, but where they were.

Battle of Miahuatlán

Porfirio Diaz defeated on October 3, 1866 the Imperialist Oronos and Colonel Testard at Miahuatlán, Oaxaca. More than five thousand fighters participated in this battle. Porfirio Diaz participated exclusively because when the ammunition was finished, he led the overall charge in the victory. Deaths of José María Arteaga and Carlos Salazar José María Arteaga and Carlos Salazar were the first to be shot dead in Uruapan on 14 October 1865 for possession of weapons. This law was published by Maximiliano on October 3, 1865. nine0003

Battle of April 2, 1867

On April 2, 1867, General Porfirio Diaz succeeded in throwing off Puebla Square, which meant the return of the stolen space. Leonardo Marquez, known as “El Tigre de Tacubaya”, was a conservative general who established himself in Puebla.

Fusilamiento Maximiliano

Mexican troops loyal to Maximiliano wanted to take refuge in Querétaro in 1867. French troops besieged the city, and on May 15, after Maximiliano tried to escape, he was detained in Cerro de las Campanas, along with Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejia. With these conquests, the intervention war and the monarchist government ended. Maximiliano, along with Miramon and Mejia, were shot on 19June 1867.

Room 9: Restored Republic and Porfiriato
Stages of Restored Republic and Porfiriato had stable governments, great economic growth, construction of railroads, farms and media, oil extraction and development of mining and industrial activities. The executive branch dominated the legislative and judicial branches. During the Restored Republic, Benito Juarez and Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada ruled. Lerdo attempted re-election, however, Porfirio Diaz opposed the Tuxtepec plan attempt. Diaz held on to power for thirty years in a dictatorial regime called the Porfiriato. nine0003

National Preparatory School

It was opened on February 1, 1868. The headquarters was a building occupied by the College of San Idelfonso. Gabino Barreda was the first director and organized the curriculum around Comte’s positivist philosophy.

Benito Juarez, child

Benito Pablo Juarez Garcia was from San Pablo Gelatao, Oaxaca. As a child, he worked as a pasture, collective farmer and farmer. Graduated as a lawyer at the Institute of Science and Arts. He defended indigenous communities. He married Margarita Maza. He was deputy and governor of Oaxaca. Juarez had a civilian character, he was a man of laws, not weapons. His liberal vision opened up a modern Mexico. nine0003

Benito Juarez in his presidential office

On December 25, 1867, Benito Juarez became president again. Juarez’s offices were in the National Palace. This regulated the amparo process, the Codes of Civil and Criminal Procedure, and the Organic Law of Public Teaching, through which the National Preparatory School was created. On September 16, 1869, the Mexico-Veracruz railway was opened. He was re-elected for 1871-1875, however Diaz rebelled against re-election on his Ferris wheel. Diaz was defeated at Icamole, so he took refuge in the United States. Benito Juarez died on July 18, 1872. nine0003

Metlak Bridge

During the post-war reform governments, new communication channels were built, such as railways, which made it easier to transport people and goods. The first to be completed was the one that connected Mexico City to Veracruz, and was opened on January 1, 1873. Some of the most important works were the De la Soledad bridge and the Metrac bridge, 28 meters high.

Treasury in Porfiriato

Hacienda was born in the colonial era, where livestock and agricultural products were raised. During the Porfiriato, through the exploitation of the workers, the Treasury reaches its boom. The production of goods grew due to the confiscation law, the creation of the railroads, and the economic growth of Mexico. The main haciendas were: the pulkera in Hidalgo, the sugar mills in Morelos, the henequeneras in the Yucatan, and the cotton in Coahuila. nine0003

Tomochic Uprising

Famous phrases during the Porfiriato were “order and progress”. In order to avoid movements that change the world of Porfiria, repressive methods were used, such as the rebellion of Tomohich, Chihuahua, where the Indians revolted after the abuses they suffered. In 1892 the soldiers laid siege to Tomocic and defeated the natives. These excesses were published by the military Heriberto Frias during the liberal “Democrat” period.

Porfiriato

Room 10: Sunset Porfiriato
Porfirio Diaz used violence to keep the peace. Porfirio Diaz modernized industry and transport. Among which stood out: support for agriculture, railways and the telegraph. During the Porfiriato, Cananea’s strike in Sonora arose due to conflicts in labor regulations. The Porfiriato was a time of modernization, but not in the political and social

The press in the Porfiriato

The newspaper “El Imparcial” published the achievements and covered up the injustices of the Diaz government, so it had the full support of the government. “El Diario del Hogar”, “EL Monitor Republicano” and “El Son de Ahuizote” criticized Diaz’s government such as re-election and control and its editors were imprisoned. nine0003

revolution
Room 11: Mexican Revolution
This was a social movement in support of democracy and social claims. The uprising against Díaz began on November 20, 1910, according to the plan of San Luis Potosi, written by Madero.

Room 12: The 1917 Constitution and Mexico today
Throughout the twentieth century, a pact for the social and coexistence of all Mexicans was included in the 1917 Constitution. In 1900, a high percentage of the population lived in rural areas, their economy was self-consumption and a traditionalist mentality. Nowadays, most Mexicans live in cities, have easy access to education, and are aware of world events. nine0003

Night of Museums in Spain 2015

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December 6, 2020 | 20:49

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ICOM, the International Council of Museums, has chosen “Museums and Sustainable Society” as the motto for International Museum Day 2015. In Spanish, it sounds “Museos para una sociedad sostenible” (museos para una sociedad sostenible). According to ICOM, last year more than 35,000 museums in 145 countries of the world took part in the action. International Museum Day is celebrated on May 18 and traditionally, on the night from Saturday to Sunday (before or immediately after May 18), the “Night of Museums” is held. This year the museums will be open to visitors on the night of May 16-17. nine0003

La Noche de los Museos (La Noche de los Museos – night of museums) is an extraordinary event in the cultural life of the country. The largest museum centers in Spain and small provincial museums (we usually call them local history museums) prepare special programs, post information in print and on websites. On this night, visitors have the opportunity to visit halls that are usually closed to sightseers, get acquainted with works of art from the storerooms, participate in conferences, and watch theatrical performances. Children’s programs are being prepared, because many Spaniards come to museums with children. nine0003

Events for the Spanish Night of Museums

The information about previous events held in Spain for the Night of Museums is surprising. And not just the number of visitors. Surprises with geography (participates, without exaggeration, the whole country). It impresses with the creative approach of museum workers and the variety of prepared programs. The Spaniards line up in long queues (at night!) and take the most active part in the action. Last year, 160,000 people visited museums in Barcelona that night. In Malaga, which is becoming one of the most important cultural centers of the country, there are more than 230 thousand. Almost a quarter of a million people! Malaga is distinguished not only by the influx of citizens and city guests to museums during this action, but also by its special name – Noche sin sueño (noche sin sueno – a night without sleep). Unfortunately, there is no information yet whether the first foreign branch of the Russian Museum, which opened in the city on March 25, will take part in the next Night Without Sleep. Let’s hope it will. The Plaza del Obispo (Plaza del Obispo – Bishop’s Square in Malaga) will host a traditional piano concert, light theatrical performances, and interactive shows for children. It will be a real night without sleep! nine0003

A huge sculptural lamp in the shape of the letter M (Museo) will dispel the darkness of the Iberian night and welcome visitors to the museums of Cartagena with light. By posting information about programs, museums invite volunteers at the same time. The youth are happy to respond.

More than 70 museums participate in the action every year in Barcelona, including the Montjuïc fortress (Castell de Montjuïc) and the El Born cultural center. In addition to museum programs, the city authorities organize several tourist routes to the most famous cultural centers of the city. nine0003

The famous Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao hosts grandiose electronic exhibitions (Museo Guggenheim Bilbao). Which are watched with such interest by the no less famous “Puppy”.

On the International Day of Museums on May 18, according to an already established tradition, museums in Spain will once again make admission free for visitors.

What visitors will be shown in Madrid on the Night of Museums on May 16, 2015

It is difficult to fit all the information about the programs that the largest museum centers in Spain prepare for the Night of Museums in one article. We will limit ourselves to several museums of the capital of the country:

Prado Museum
In the Museo Nacional del Prado, which has national status, visitors can see among other expositions:

10 works by Pablo Picasso from the Basel Art Museum. The Basel Museum has collected more than 300 paintings by the great artist. The Prado Museum exhibits the paintings “Two Brothers”, “Woman with a Guitar”, “Venus and Cupid”, “Amateur” and others. The exposition is called “10 Picassos del Kunstmuseum Basel”. nine0315
Exposition “Goya en Madrid” (Goya en Madrid – Goya in Madrid). The exposition is dedicated to the so-called “Madrid period” of Francisco de Goya’s work. Sections of the exposition: La caza (la casa – hunting), Divertimentos (divertimentos – entertainment), Las clases sociales (las clases sociales – social classes), Musica y baile (music and baile – music and dance), Niños (ninos – children) , Los sueños (los suenos – dreams), Las cuatro estaciones (las cuatro estaciones – seasons), El aire (el aire – nature). In addition to the works of Goya, the works of Titian, Velazquez, Rubens, Murillo, Zurbaran and other predecessors and contemporaries of the great Spaniard, who, according to the king, deserved noose and … adoration, are presented. The Goya en Madrid exhibition, which was originally scheduled to close on May 3, has been extended until June 7. nine0315
El San Juanito recuperado. The exposition is dedicated to the only sculpture in the country by Michelangelo, mutilated by vandals at the beginning of the Civil War in 1936. Now it’s hard to believe, but the sculpture of San Juan Bautista niño (San Juan Bautista Nino – little John the Baptist) was blown up, burned and the remains were smashed. Restoration work continued for 19 years. The restored sculpture will be shown to visitors to the Prado Museum until June 28, 2015, after which it will find peace in Ubeda, a small Spanish town where it was kept for almost four centuries before those tragic events. nine0315

National Archaeological Museum
The Metropolitan Museo Arqueologico Nacional (Museo Archeolohiko Nacional) will meet visitors with rock paintings of the Paleolithic era in the world-famous cave of Altamira, recreated at the entrance to the museum. In the program “Night of Museums”:

“The story told by the main characters of the events – Wamba, King of the Visigoths” (Wamba, rey visigodo).
“Ask me. From treasure to treasure. Young researchers dressed in uniform will answer visitors’ questions. nine0315
Organ music concert.
Music and performances in the garden of the Museum of Archaeology.

Costume Museum
Museo del Traje (Museo del Traje) will be open that night until 24.00 and will present the program Caleidoscopio (kaleidoskopio – kaleidoscope). The show of costumes from different regions of the country will be accompanied by a story about the history of natural and synthetic dyes that are used in sewing. So museum workers will tell about different colors with the help of costumes. nine0003

Museum of America
Museo de America will be open until 1.30. Visitors will see the dances of the Native Americans of the pre-Hispanic period. Guided tours will be conducted through the halls of the museum. A jazz band will meet guests at the entrance to the museum.

National Museum of Roman Art
Museo Nacional de Arte Romano (Museo Nacional del Arte Romano) welcomes visitors until 1.00. The program is called Dramatic Readings. Stories”. Visitors will hear legends, tales, poems, and with the help of words and music they will be able to travel to other eras. nine0003

Use the Museum Night to get to know Spain better. Stand with the Spaniards in line at the selected museum, listen to their noisy conversations, interrupted by bursts of laughter, recharge with positive emotions, feel the atmosphere of the general holiday, and then, in the museum, touch pages of the country’s history and culture unknown to you – you will remember the magic of this night save for life. A real fiesta awaits you at the museum. The fiesta that will always be with you.

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