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Sju shuttle: Resources & Services | Saint Joseph’s University

Resources & Services | Saint Joseph’s University

Shuttle Service

Saint Joseph’s University has partnered with Easton Coach Company and Suburban Transit Network, Inc. (Transnet) to provide our shuttle transportation service. The shuttle buses are the same. You’ll recognize many of the same drivers and the routes have not changed. St. Joe’s joins these long-established transportation companies with the goal of providing superior and efficient shuttle service on the Hawk Hill Campus as well as intercampus loops.

Please note a few changes to the shuttle service: 

  • Shuttle bus service new phone number: 610-660-A-BUS (2287)
  • Mobile tracking app: We will now use Ride Systems to track our shuttle system (the TransLoc app is discontinued). 

The Ride Systems app provides live location of shuttle buses, arrival predictions and other important shuttle route information.  The app is available for both iOS and Android platforms. The app can be downloaded either through the appropriate app store or by scanning the QR code below. Once downloaded, search for the “St. Josephs” agency. Shuttle schedules and general information may also be found below.

 

Shuttle Schedule

  • The West Shuttle runs continuous loops between Main Campus and Merion Gardens during the following hours:

    Monday-Thursday

    • Shuttle 1: 7:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

    • Shuttle 2: 8:00 a.m.-10:30 p.m.

    Friday

    • Shuttle 1: 7:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

    • Shuttle 2: 8:00 a.m.-1:30 a.m.

    Saturday

    • 10:20 a.m.-1:30 a.m.

    Sunday

    • 10:20 a.m.-10:30 p.m.

    Stops:

    • Mandeville Hall

    • Cardinal Avenue Entrance Gate

    • Merion Gardens

    • Overbrook and City (Septa Stop)

    • Cardinal Avenue (Septa Stop)

  • The East Shuttle runs continuous loops between Main Campus and the Presidential City Apartments (3900 City Avenue) during the following hours:

    *Please note that there is a stoppage in service from 10:20 a. m.-1:20 p.m., Monday-Friday and from 1:20 p.m.-3:20 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday.

    • Monday-Thursday –  7:20 a.m.-10:20 a.m. and 1:20 p.m.-10:20 p.m.

    • Friday – 7:20 a.m.-10:20 a.m. and 1:20 p.m.-1:20 a.m.

    • Saturday – 10:20 a.m.-1:20 p.m. and 3:20 p.m.-1:20 a.m.

    • Sunday 10:20 a.m.-1:20 p.m. and 3:20 p.m.-10:20 p.m.

    Stops:

    • Mandeville Hall

    • 50th and City Avenue

    • 47th & City Avenue (City Ave North of 47th Street)

    • Target Shopping Center (City Ave North of Monument)

    • Presidential/Lincoln Green (Stop is at Lincoln Green)

    • Bala Shopping Center (City Ave South of 47th Street)

    • Bala Ave & City Avenue

  • Intercampus Shuttle – Starting at both Hawk Hill and University City at 7:00am, Monday-Friday. Please note that weather and traffic conditions may impact the schedule. (Hawk Hill location – Mandeville Hall, University City location – IPEX)

    Monday through Friday Departures

    *The shuttle will have a break in Service for Lunch

    Shuttle 1 Lunch: 1:00pm-1:45pm

    Shuttle 2 Lunch: 12:15pm-1pm

    **One Shuttle will run Monday-Friday after 5pm

                                     

                 

       Shuttle 1













                   Hawk Hill

     University City

    7:00 AM

    7:45 AM

    8:30 AM

    9:15 AM

    10:00 AM

    10:45 AM

    11:30 AM 

    12:15 PM 

    LUNCH

    LUNCH

    1:45 PM

    2:30 PM

    3:15 PM

    4:00 PM

    4:45 PM

    5:30 PM

    6:15 PM

    7:00 PM

    7:45 PM

    8:30 PM

    9:15 PM10:00 PM

     

     

                                     Shuttle 2











    University City

    Hawk Hill

    7:00 AM

    7:45 AM

    8:30 AM

    9:15 AM

    10:00 AM

    10:45 AM

    11:30 AM

    LUNCH

    1:00PM SJU Shuttle Van

    1:00 PM  

    1:45 PM

    2:30 PM

    3:15 PM

    4:00 PM

    4:45 PM

     

     

    Saturday and Sunday Departures

                                     Shuttle 1







    Hawk Hill

    University City

    9:00 AM

    9:45 AM

    10:30 AM

    11:15 AM

    12:00 PM

    12:45 PM

    1:30 PM

    2:15 PM

    3:00 PM

    3:45 PM

     

Students traveling from West Campus to locations east of campus and students traveling from East Campus to locations west of campus should transfer at Mandeville Hall.  Factors such as traffic, weather, and new safety protocols may adversely impact the time in route.  Students should allow sufficient time to get to class and be mindful of seating capacity limitations on the shuttle.

 

Security Escort Service

 *Please note that if you are disabled, injured or on crutches, please contact Chris Mecke, director of student disability services, by email or by phone at 610-660-1774 to be added to the Special Transportation List.

The escort service is intended to supplement our shuttle transportation service. Walking escorts will be provided on campus. This includes to and from shuttle stops. The purpose of the vehicle escort service is to safely transport students to and from the Hawk Hill campus to residences within the escort service area (see map below). The escort service is not intended to serve as a taxi service. Vehicle escorts will be provided (within the service area) to student residences not serviced by the shuttle and student residences on the shuttle schedule during the period when the shuttle does not operate. We do not provide transportation to locations outside the service area, such as Center City Philadelphia, Roxborough, Manayunk, Lower Merion, Philadelphia International Airport and 30th Street Train Station. The escort service will not transport students from one off-campus location to another off-campus location. Escorts will be provided to and from the Overbrook Train Station when the trains are in service and the shuttle bus is not in service. The escort service is for safety and not convenience. 

Please note that with the additional safety measures being put in place, students should expect delays and may experience longer wait times than normal for escort services. Please allow ample time when traveling on the shuttle and seek alternate transportation options when possible.

Please contact the Office of Public Safety and Security at 610-660-1111 with any questions. 

View Escort Service Area Map

Parking

Operating and parking vehicles on University property is a privilege granted by the University. University parking is available to all employees, faculty and eligible students. This privilege may be withdrawn at any time for failure to comply with applicable rules and regulations. Failure to comply may also result in your vehicle being towed from campus at your expense.

View Parking Policy & Information

Certified Driver Training

Any employee, faculty member or student who drives a University-owned vehicle must go through a formal driver certification process. This process is initiated by signing up for a Defensive Driver/Van Driver Training course via the Nest. Applicants must then complete the Authorized Driver Application and Agreement Form (ADAFA) on the Transportation Policy and submit it to the Office of Public Safety and Security, along with a copy of their driver’s license. After a driver’s license check and the successful completion of the Defensive Driver/Van Driver Training, applicants will be certified to drive.

Defensive Driver/Van Driver Training sessions are offered each semester.  The training sessions last about 80 minutes and are typically scheduled during “free period.” Announcements regarding the training sessions are made via Hawk Hill This Week.

The Saint Joseph’s University Transportation Policy provides specific information regarding the operation of University-owned vehicles. All applicants must review the Transportation Policy prior to completing the Authorized Driver Application Form and Agreement.

Vehicle Request

The Office of Public Safety and Security manages a fleet of 24 vehicles available for use to the St. Joe’s community. This fleet is available to the University community for a nominal fee. To make a reservation, you must be a campus department or approved student organization. Billing is done by automatic withdraw through the Office of Financial Affairs at the end of each semester. Vehicles cannot be reserved without providing a budget number.

Resources:

  • Attend a certified driving training class by registering through the Nest.  
  • Do you need to be reimbursed for gas? The receipt and the Request for Funds form can be turned into Public Safety. 
  • Request a vehicle by filling out our vehicle request form.

AED Locations

Find out where the nearest Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) are on campus. 

View Map

SJU Safe App

In fall 2019, the Office of Public Safety and Security came out with a custom safety app called SJU Safe. This app is a safety resource to current students, faculty and staff at Saint Joseph’s. It’s available in the App Store and on Google Play. 

SJU Safe App Features

Emergency Phones

Watch this video to learn more about how to use emergency phones on campus. 

University City Campus Transportation Resources & Services

We have contracted with the University of Pennsylvania to provide bus and shuttle services to and from various locations on and off campus.

Penn Shuttles provide door-to-door service, while the Penn Bus will pick you up at any stop sign or traffic signal along its route.

From 3 a.m. to 7 a.m., a limited on-call service is available. Please call 215-898-RIDE—the wait times may be longer.

For additional information, including schedules and route information, visit the Penn Transit Services website.

Services

    • Call 215-898-RIDE when you’re ready to go.

    • Provide your location, destination, and last name to the dispatcher.

    • Check regularly for your Penn Shuttle: a van with an X, N, or E lit up on top.

    • Your shuttle will arrive 5–20 minutes after your call. It will wait for 3 minutes outside of your location and will use the horn if requested.

    • Have your ID card available to show to the driver.

    • Confirm your destination with the driver upon boarding the vehicle.

    • A courteous and competent driver

    • A secure and timely ride

    • A clean, well-functioning, and safe vehicle

    • To be safe and secure within the vehicle

    • To have current route and schedule information available

    • To be picked up and dropped off at designated locations within service boundaries

    • A simple, timely, and responsive process for filing an idea or suggestion via transit@usciences. edu

    • For safety reasons all riders must show their valid Saint Joseph’s University ID card to the driver upon entering the vehicle. Drivers may refuse entry to any person not showing a valid SJU ID card.

    • Each driver has the right to deny service to any disruptive person. Penn Police or SJU Public Safety & Security will provide assistance when required.

    • If your SJU ID card is lost, stolen, or forgotten, call 215-898-RIDE to request and obtain permission to use the service before boarding a vehicle.

    • Baggage—including shopping bags—brought onto any bus or shuttle must fit on your lap.

    • Valid SJU ID card holders may bring up to 2 guests, provided they ride with the card holder.

    • The Saint Joseph’s University Department of Public Safety is available to provide walking escorts to all students, faculty, and staff 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, upon request.

    • Walking escorts are provided for the purpose of safety and security to all locations within the Department of Public Safety patrol area (41st to 46th Street, Baltimore to Woodland, including 4619 Chester).

    • The primary goal of the walking escort service is to allow safe travel from one location to another with a greater sense of security. Public Safety works in conjunction with University City District to provide walking escort service beyond our patrol boundaries.

    • Call 215-895-1117 to arrange for a Walking Escort or request additional information. In the event of an emergency, call 215-596-7000.

  • For information regarding the SEPTA transportation system, which provides transportation services throughout the Philadelphia area, contact the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority at 215-580-7800 or visit www.septa.org.

Resources

  • The Department of Public Safety encourages everyone to be aware of their environment, stay alert, report suspicious activities, take precautions, and report all crimes/incidents. By being proactive, you can play an important role in not only protecting yourself, but also helping others to be safe. With your help, the Department of Public Safety can provide a safe educational environment in which the University community can excel.

    The programs outlined below if practiced could possibly reduce the odds of you falling victim to a crime. Take a moment to review the programs so you will be better prepared to help us help you.

    For additional information contact the Department of Public Safety at 215-895-1117, or send an email with your request to [email protected].

  • The S.A.F.E program provides participants with valuable information on how to become more aware of their surroundings, educates women on how to protect themselves from crime, and introduces pre-basic physical training familiarization methods, which are non-strenuous.

  • The Department of Public Safety has a series of awareness tip cards and flyers specifically designed to address the security and public safety concerns of the University community. The awareness tip cards and flyers are available in the Public Safety Office located at 4500 Woodland Avenue.

  • The Department of Public Safety has developed a series of crime prevention presentations and orientation programs designed to educate the University community on various public safety topics. To schedule a presentation or request additional information call 215-895-1117 or email [email protected].

BEST San Juan Airport Transportation

San Juan Airport Shuttle Companies

About San Juan

Puerto Rico’s capital city is also the largest city in the state. This is the ideal place to explore and experience real Puerto Rican history and culture. Whether you’re interested in history, tradition, vibrant nightlife, or beaches and resorts, any San Juan tourist will find some places that will charm them.

Things to do

Old San Juan is a part of this city that you will certainly find fascinating, especially if you like history and colonial architecture. It is a cobblestoned area ornamented with numerous colorful colonial buildings and several landmarks from the 16th century, such as Castillo San Felipe del Morro and La Fortaleza. Somewhere between these two fortifications is located San Juan National Historic Site where you can see more forts and old city walls.

There are a lot of places for those who just want to relax and have fun. If you want to visit some nightclub, bar, or maybe casino, you should go to the Isla Verde Resort Strip or La Placita, for those who love salsa music. San Juan beaches are also a great place for relaxation and recreation. If you’re interested in snorkeling and scuba diving, go to Playa El Escambrón, Isla Verde Beach, or Condado Beach. Take a walk through Plaza Colón where you can find some great restaurants and shops.

Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport

This joint-use international airport, conveniently located about 3 miles away from downtown San Juan, is the busiest airport in the entire Caribbean region. It serves more than 4 million passengers every year. The airport code is SJU, and it got the name after the first democratically elected governor. It is also referred to as Isla Verde International Airport and San Juan Airport.

If you have to spend more time at SJU and wait for your flight, make that time interesting and take a walk through the airport. You can find various shops where you can buy clothes, souvenirs, perfumes, and more. They have several duty-free shops in almost every airport terminal. There are also numerous restaurants and cafes for those who want to grab a drink or have lunch. ATMs, Currency Exchange, internet access, and mobile chargers are available to all passengers as well.

How to get from San Juan Airport to Cruise Port?

After you arrive at SJU, you will have various San Juan Airport transportation options, but it’s much better and safer to book your airport ride in advance. We’ve listed all transport providers and you can choose among San Juan Airport shuttle, Uber, airport taxi, rental cars, and public transportation options to help you book the best deal.

The fastest way to get from San Juan Airport to Cruise Port is via taxi cabs – $21 for a 20-minute drive (depending on traffic jams). Public buses are definitely the cheapest option, you will need only $0.75, but the trip will take much more of your time. Perhaps it is best to find the middle ground, and that is using a San Jose Airport shuttle service, which can be as low as $6.99.

San Juan Airport Transportation – Shuttles

Airport shuttles are usually the most affordable way to get to your destination. You can find several providers offering San Juan Airport shuttle, both shared and private. We found the top 3 shuttle transfer companies along with their rates. See all your options below.

GO Puerto Rico Shuttle offers safe and inexpensive 24/7 San Juan Airport transportation to various destinations. Whether you need a private or shuttle ride from San Juan Airport to Old San Juan, Cruise Ship Piers, a Ferry Terminal, or any hotel, they can take you to your destination. See our list below to discover their lowest one-way rates from SJU.

Make an online reservation now and start your journey without worries. If you need additional assistance, call Puerto Rico Shuttle at 787-400-2100. Their working hours are from 6 AM to 10 PM (Atlantic Time).

The pickup location: This shuttle company is allowed to “meet and greet” arriving passengers inside the baggage claim area, so that’s where you’ll find your driver.

Puerto Rico Green Transportation is a great option for everyone who cares about the environment since they offer eco-friendly San Juan Airport transportation. Their services include shared and private airport shuttles, Puerto Rico tours, limousine service, and car/van rentals. 

Check out their competitive rates for shared rides from San Juan Airport:

  • to Isle Verde Area (on weekdays) – $5.24 per person
  • to Isle Verde Area (on weekends) – $7.49 per person
  • to San Juan Area (on weekdays) – $6. 99 per person
  • to San Juan Area (on weekends) – $9.99 per person

This service is available from 6:30 AM to 9 PM.

Listed below are Green Transportation rates for private rides from SJU:

Have more question? Call this San Juan Airport shuttle at 787-918-7748 or visit their website.

Puerto Rico Shuttle Van Services & Tours can provide you with SJU Airport shuttle van service to any hotel or cruise port. They offer modern vehicles and friendly and professional drivers, so you can hire them for some special occasions as well, such as weddings or parties. The airport shuttle service is available at any time of the day.

  • Their rate of $55 from San Juan Airport to Cruise Port or San Juan hotels is for up to 5 passengers. The bigger your group, the lower the individual fare. If you plan on traveling with at least 5 more people, your one-way fare will be $10.

If you have any question, call this San Juan Airport shuttle at 787-549-6058 or send an e-mail at [email protected].

Hotel Shuttles

If you still haven’t booked any San Juan hotel, we can help you find great accommodation as well. In the list below, there are the top 10 hotels in the area with great guest reviews and airport shuttle service. Almost all of them offer free shuttle rides and various other great amenities and services, such as pools, free parking garage, internet access, etc.

Call a hotel from the list before the flight and check if this service is available.

Rideshare

The only reliable transportation network company operating in San Juan Puerto Rico is Uber. They offer competitive prices, and this is actually a pretty good San Juan Airport transportation option. We’ve listed the top destinations from SJU and found the lowest estimates to give you a glimpse of their prices. See them below, compare with other transfers, and choose the one that best suits your needs.

Uber San Juan Airport

  • to Ocean Park: $10. 94
  • to San Juan Cruise Port: $12.84
  • to downtown San Juan: $13.15
  • to the University of San Juan: $14.79

Book a ride using their website or phone app after which you will get instructions on where to meet your Uber driver at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport.

Airport Taxi

Taxi cabs are another great San Juan Airport transportation option – they are safe and have fixed rates (flat fee). They are even cheaper than some airport shuttles. You can find them in the following locations on the airport premises:

  • Main Station, Arrivals level of Terminal A
  • Arrival level of Airport Terminal B

Check out the following list to discover taxi rates from this Puerto Rico airport to the most popular destinations in the area:

To see the rates to other locations, click here.

Public Transportation

The AMA bus (Puerto Rico Metropolitan Bus Authority) provides public transport in San Juan and the surrounding areas. They offer frequent and low-cost bus rides from SJU Airport. In fact, this is the cheapest San Juan Airport transportation option, and you can use it to get to various places in the area.

There are 3 bus stops at SJU – all of them in the second level of the airport in terminals A, D, and E. The following bus routes serve the airport:

  • Route T5/D53 – San Juan Airport to Old San Juan 
  • Route T5/D53  – SJU to Isla Verde Avenue
  • Route D53  – SJU to Condado and Convention Center
  • Route E40 – SJU to Avenida Piñero

All public buses have the same single fare of only $0.75. Students and seniors have to pay $0.60, and handicapped passengers ride free of charge.

SJU Car Rental

Rental cars are an ideal airport transfer solution for all those who want to explore the city at their own pace. You get to pick your vehicle and go wherever you want. Of course, this San Juan Airport transportation is more expensive than airport shuttles and buses, but it is worth the cost. See the list below and call any of these companies for information about rates and locations.

History of American shuttles in pictures

BBC News, Russian Service

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On July 8, 2011, the space shuttle Atlantis will make its last flight to the ISS. It will also be the last flight of the Space Shuttle program.

Photo caption,

On April 12, 1981, exactly 20 years after Gagarin’s first flight, the first shuttle Columbia, piloted by John Young and Robert Crippen, launched into space.0003 Image description,

The main purpose of Columbia’s first flight was to finally test the shuttle’s systems. Particular attention was paid to rocket boosters, three main engines and an external fuel tank. In addition, it was necessary to ensure the reliability of the 2.5 million moving parts of spacecraft

Image caption,

flights

Photo caption,

The first Enterprise shuttle was not designed for spaceflight, but was only used as a test vehicle to practice landing techniques. The first tests were carried out by attaching the shuttle to a Boeing 747 to test its aerodynamic characteristics.

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The second shuttle, the Challenger, was named after a seagoing vessel that explored the ocean in the 1870s. The Challenger first flew on April 4, 1983.

Photo caption,

During the 10th flight at 19In 86, the Challenger’s left solid-propellant booster broke off from one of the two mounts. Spinning around the second, the booster pierced the main fuel tank, the ship deviated from the course and was destroyed by aerodynamic forces. All seven astronauts died.

Image caption

Discovery, the third space shuttle, was commissioned by NASA in November 1982. The shuttle made its first flight on August 30, 1984, starting from Cape Canaveral. Discovery made 39 flights, more than any other shuttle. nine0003 Image caption,

The Space Shuttle Discovery carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit and subsequently participated in two service missions.

Image caption,

Breathtaking photographs from space shuttle Atlantis of astronauts going out into outer space.

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Astronaut Mark Lee tests a new security system on the shuttle Discovery in 1994.

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This image of the fourth US space shuttle Atlantis was taken from the Mir space station on June 1995 years. Atlantis made seven flights to the Russian space station.

Photo caption

Endeavor is the fifth and final space shuttle. The name was suggested by American schoolchildren: that was the name of one of James Cook’s ships. Endeavor was built to replace the fallen Challenger.

Photo caption,

Endeavor made 25 flights, covering a total of almost 198 million kilometers.

Image caption,

A US F15-E military aircraft patrols the airspace over the Kennedy Space Center on the day of the Atlantis launch in 2010. nine0003 Photo description,

Shuttle Endeavour’s docking with the International Space Station. Various ships have docked with the ISS a total of 36 times.

Photo caption,

Shuttle Atlantis’ last mission to the ISS will start on July 8, 2011. Over the entire existence of the project, American shuttles have flown a total of over 864.4 million km, spending 1320 days, one hour, 32 minutes and 44 seconds in space.

Image caption,

Between 500,000 and 1 million spectators are expected to watch the launch of Atlantis at the Kennedy Space Center. nine0003 Photo caption,

If the weather doesn’t fail, July 8 will go down in the history of world cosmonautics.

Space Shuttle Program – RIA Novosti, 07/21/2021

https://ria.ru/20210721/programma-1741874848.html

Space Shuttle Program

Space Shuttle Program – RIA Novosti, 07/21/2021 Program Shuttle

The American Space Transportation System (STS, “Space Transport System”) program, better known as the Space Shuttle (“Space Shuttle”) – … RIA Novosti, 07/21/2021

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space agency NASA to develop and use a reusable manned transport spacecraft designed to deliver people and cargo to low Earth orbits and back. The program and the spacecraft were called the same – Space Shuttle (Space Shuttle). The development of the Space Shuttle system began at 1969 year. It was funded by two US government departments: NASA and the Department of Defense. The basis of the system was a reusable manned spacecraft. The system also included ground support systems (launch and landing and installation and test complexes of the Kennedy Space Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Florida), a flight control center in Houston (Texas), communication and data relay systems via satellites and other means. Structurally, the Space Shuttle reusable space transport system consisted of two salvageable solid-propellant boosters, which are actually the first stage, and an orbiter with three oxygen-hydrogen propulsion engines and an external fuel compartment, forming the second stage. The launch was carried out vertically, using three main (propulsion) engines and two solid-fuel boosters (they work for about two minutes after launch, then separated at an altitude of about 45 kilometers, parachuted into the ocean and, after repair and refueling, were used again). Further rise and acceleration of the orbital ship was carried out by sustainer engines powered by an external fuel tank (they were discarded after about 8.5 minutes at an altitude of 113 kilometers, most of it burned up in the atmosphere, the remains fell into the ocean). Orbital maneuvering rocket engines were used to enter the working orbit (185-643 kilometers) or to change its parameters. After the implementation of the space flight program, the orbiter independently returned to Earth and landed like an airplane on the runway. Solid fuel boosters splashed down on parachutes and then used again. The external fuel tank burned up in the atmosphere. It was the only disposable element of the entire system. The orbital stage was designed to be used up to 100 times, solid-fuel boosters – up to 20, and oxygen-hydrogen engines – for 55 flights. .79meters, height 17.27 meters; weight, without payload, 68.5 tons). In addition to the three main engines for launching into orbit, it was equipped with a control and guidance system, as well as thermal protection against heating when returning to Earth. The wing had a double sweep, which provided the necessary aerodynamic characteristics. The nose contained a pressurized cabin for the crew (mostly five to seven astronauts), behind which was the docking port. For landing, the ship was equipped with a retractable, tricycle landing gear and a nose wheel. The Space Shuttle system was capable of launching 29.5 tons when launched east from Cape Canaveral (Florida, east coast) into an orbit with an altitude of 185 kilometers and an inclination of 28º; 11.3 tons at launch from the Space Flight Center. Kennedy to an orbit with an altitude of 500 kilometers and an inclination of 55º; 14.5 tons when launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base (California, West Coast) into a polar orbit 185 kilometers high. Two landing strips were equipped for orbital ships. If the shuttle landed far from the cosmodrome, it returned home on top of a Boeing-747. Leading US aerospace firms participated in the project. Products and equipment for the Space Shuttle system were supplied by more than 1,000 companies from 47 states. The contract for the construction of an orbital ship was won at 1972 Rockwell International. Production of the first two shuttles began in June 1974. Initially, flight ships were numbered OV-099, OV-101, OV-102, and so on. Each of NASA’s shuttles was then named after a famous oceanographic vessel. In total, five shuttles were built from 1975 to 1991 (two of them died in accidents) and one prototype, which was not intended for space flights and did not have engines and heat-shielding plates. The prototype (flying laboratory) of the shuttle’s orbital stage, which had the number OV-101 , was released on 17 September 1976 years old and was named “Enterprise” (Enterprise) after the starship from the science fiction television series Star Trek. Tests were carried out on it to work out the atmospheric section of the flight and landing. The Enterprise made several test flights on a specially converted Boeing-747 carrier aircraft, including five with separation from it and landing in a manned mode. On November 18, 1985, the Enterprise was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution (Washington). The first operating reusable orbiter was the Columbia shuttle (Columbia, OV-102). It was made at 1979 and handed over to the NASA Kennedy Space Center. This ship was named after the sailboat on which Captain Robert Gray explored the inland waters of British Columbia (now the US states of Washington and Oregon) in May 1792. The first shuttle flight with astronauts on board took place on April 12, 1981. During its service, the shuttle made 28 trips to Earth’s orbit and spent 300 days in space. On February 1, 2003, during its last flight before landing, while entering the dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, the Columbia shuttle crashed, the cause of which was the destruction of the ship’s heat-insulating skin during launch. During the descent, it was precisely because of this defect that the ship collapsed, and all seven astronauts on board died. The second space shuttle – “Challenger” (Challenger, OV-099), named after a British naval vessel that explored the ocean in the 1870s, was donated to NASA in July 1982. He made his first space flight on April 4, 1983. The Challenger crashed on its tenth launch on January 28, 1986, 73 seconds into flight. One of the boosters broke away from the ship and pierced the fuel tank, which led to the ignition of the fuel and the destruction of the shuttle. Seven astronauts were killed. The Discovery (OV-103) shuttle was handed over to NASA in November 1982. The shuttle was named after one of two ships used by British Captain James Cook in the 1770s to discover the Hawaiian Islands and explore the coasts of Alaska and northwestern Canada. The first space shuttle flight took place on August 30, 1984 years old. During its service, “Discovery” made 39 flights to the Earth’s orbit and spent 365 days in space. On March 9, 2011, he successfully landed after his last flight. Shuttle Atlantis (Atlantis, OV-104) was commissioned by NASA in April 1985. The shuttle was named after an oceanographic research sailing vessel that was owned by the Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts and operated from 1930 to 1966. The shuttle made its first flight on October 3, 1985. During its service, the shuttle completed 33 trips to the Earth’s orbit and spent 307 days in space. Atlantis was the last ship launched under the Space Shuttle program. The shuttle made its last flight on July 8-21, 2011, the crew for this flight was reduced to four people. At 19In 1991, the fleet of American space shuttles was replenished by the shuttle Endeavor (Endeavour, OV-105), named after one of the ships of the British fleet, on which Captain James Cook traveled. The shuttle was built to replace the crashed shuttle Challenger. The first flight was made on May 7, 1992. During its service, the shuttle completed 25 flights to the Earth’s orbit and spent 299 days in space. He made his last flight from May 16 to June 1, 2011. In total, from 1981 to 2011, the shuttles made 135 flights. The shuttles were designed for a two-week stay in orbit. The longest space trip was made by the space shuttle Columbia on November 1996 years – 17 days 15 hours 53 minutes, the shortest – it is in November 1981 – 2 days 6 hours 13 minutes. Typically, shuttle flights lasted from five to 16 days. The cost of each shuttle flight was about 450 million dollars. Over the years of service, the Space Shuttle has launched into space a large number of civil and military communications satellites, heavy reconnaissance satellites of the Ministry of Defense (their mass reached 15 tons), spacecraft for the study of planets and the Sun, space laboratories “Spacelab”. The Hubble observatory, GRO, and others began work in near-Earth orbits. A large amount of scientific and technical experiments were carried out in weightlessness and open space conditions, the SMM and Intelsat satellites were repaired in orbit, and two communication satellites were returned from orbit for reuse. nineteenIn the 1990s, the shuttles took part in the joint Russian-American program “Mir – Space Shuttle”. Nine dockings were carried out with the Mir orbital station. The shuttles played an important role in the implementation of the project to create the International Space Station (ISS). Eleven flights were carried out under the ISS program. In 2011, the Space Shuttle program was closed due to the high cost and in connection with NASA’s reorientation to new tasks outside the near-Earth space. After the closure of the NASA Space Shuttle program, all “retired” shuttles took places in American museums. The non-flying shuttle Enterprise, which was in the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington (USA), was delivered to the Intrepid Aircraft Carrier Museum in New York (USA) in June 2012. His place at the Smithsonian was taken by the shuttle Discovery. The Endeavor shuttle was delivered to the California Science Center in mid-October 2012, where it was installed as an exhibit. Space Shuttle Atlantis has taken its place on permanent display at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

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References, USA, Columbia (Shuttle), Challenger (Shuttle), Space

References, USA, Columbia (Shuttle), Challenger (Shuttle), Space

American program Space Transportation System ( STS, “Space Transportation System”), better known as the Space Shuttle (“Space Shuttle”) – a program of the American national space agency NASA to develop and use a reusable manned transport spacecraft designed to deliver people and cargo to low Earth orbits and back. nine0003

The program and the spacecraft were called the same – Space Shuttle (Space Shuttle).

Development of the Space Shuttle system began in 1969. It was funded by two US government departments: NASA and the Department of Defense. The basis of the system was a reusable manned spacecraft. The system also included ground support systems (launch and landing and installation and test complexes of the Kennedy Space Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Florida), a flight control center in Houston (Texas), communication and data relay systems via satellites and other means. nine0003

Structurally, the Space Shuttle reusable space transport system consisted of two salvageable solid-propellant boosters, which are actually the first stage, and an orbiter with three oxygen-hydrogen propulsion engines and an external fuel compartment, forming the second stage.

The launch was carried out vertically, using three main (main) engines and two solid-fuel boosters (they work for about two minutes after launch, then separated at an altitude of about 45 kilometers, parachuted into the ocean and, after repair and refueling, were used again ). Further rise and acceleration of the orbital ship was carried out by sustainer engines powered by an external fuel tank (they were discarded after about 8.5 minutes at an altitude of 113 kilometers, most of it burned up in the atmosphere, the remains fell into the ocean). Orbital maneuvering rocket engines were used to enter the working orbit (185-643 kilometers) or to change its parameters. nine0003

After the implementation of the space flight program, the orbiter independently returned to Earth and landed like an airplane on the runway. Solid fuel boosters splashed down on parachutes and then used again. The external fuel tank burned up in the atmosphere.

It was the only disposable element of the entire system. The orbital stage was designed to be used up to 100 times, solid-fuel boosters – up to 20, and oxygen-hydrogen engines – for 55 flights. nine0003

The orbiter was a monoplane (glider) made according to the “tailless” scheme (length 37.24 meters, wingspan 23.79 meters, height 17. 27 meters; weight, without payload, 68.5 tons). In addition to the three main engines for launching into orbit, it was equipped with a control and guidance system, as well as thermal protection against heating when returning to Earth. The wing had a double sweep, which provided the necessary aerodynamic characteristics. The nose contained a pressurized cabin for the crew (mostly five to seven astronauts), behind which was the docking port. For landing, the ship was equipped with a retractable, tricycle landing gear and a nose wheel. nine0003

The Space Shuttle system was capable of delivering 29.5 tons when launched eastward from Cape Canaveral (Florida, east coast) into an orbit with an altitude of 185 kilometers and an inclination of 28º; 11.3 tons at launch from the Space Flight Center. Kennedy to an orbit with an altitude of 500 kilometers and an inclination of 55º; 14.5 tons when launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base (California, West Coast) into a subpolar orbit with a height of 185 kilometers.

Two landing strips were equipped for orbital ships. If the shuttle landed far from the cosmodrome, it returned home on top of a Boeing-747. nine0003

Leading US aerospace firms participated in the project. Products and equipment for the Space Shuttle system were supplied by more than 1,000 companies from 47 states. The contract to build the orbiter was won in 1972 by Rockwell International.

Production of the first two shuttles began in June 1974. Initially, flight ships were numbered OV-099, OV-101, OV-102, and so on. Each of NASA’s shuttles was then named after a famous oceanographic vessel. Total from 1975 to 1991, five shuttles were built (two of them died in accidents) and one prototype, which was not intended for space flights and did not have engines and heat-shielding plates.

The prototype (flying laboratory) of the shuttle orbital stage, which had the number OV-101, was released on September 17, 1976 and received the name “Enterprise” (Enterprise) after the starship from the science fiction television series Star Trek. Tests were carried out on it to work out the atmospheric section of the flight and landing. The Enterprise made several test flights on a specially converted Boeing-747 carrier aircraft, including five with separation from it and landing in a manned mode. November 18 1985 years “Enterprise” was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution (Washington).

The first operational reusable orbiter was the shuttle Columbia (Columbia, OV-102). It was made in 1979 and transferred to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. This ship was named after the sailboat on which Captain Robert Gray explored the inland waters of British Columbia (now the US states of Washington and Oregon) in May 1792. The first shuttle flight with astronauts on board took place on April 12, 1981. During its service, the shuttle made 28 trips to Earth’s orbit and spent 300 days in space. On February 1, 2003, during its last flight before landing, while entering the dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, the Columbia shuttle crashed, the cause of which was the destruction of the ship’s heat-insulating skin during launch. During the descent, it was precisely because of this defect that the ship collapsed, and all seven astronauts on board died. nine0003

The second space shuttle, the Challenger (OV-099), named after a British naval vessel that explored the ocean in the 1870s, was handed over to NASA in July 1982. He made his first space flight on April 4, 1983. The Challenger crashed on its tenth launch on January 28, 1986, 73 seconds into flight. One of the boosters broke away from the ship and pierced the fuel tank, which led to the ignition of the fuel and the destruction of the shuttle. Seven astronauts died.

Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) was handed over to NASA in November 1982. The shuttle was named after one of two ships used by British Captain James Cook in the 1770s to discover the Hawaiian Islands and explore the coasts of Alaska and northwestern Canada. The first space shuttle flight took place on August 30, 1984. During its service, “Discovery” made 39 flights to the Earth’s orbit and spent 365 days in space. On March 9, 2011, he successfully landed after his last flight.

The shuttle Atlantis (Atlantis, OV-104) was commissioned by NASA in April 1985. The shuttle was named after an oceanographic research sailing vessel that was owned by the Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts and operated from 1930 to 1966. The shuttle made its first flight on October 3, 1985. During its service, the shuttle completed 33 flights to the Earth’s orbit and spent 307 days in space.

Atlantis was the last spacecraft launched under the Space Shuttle program. The shuttle made its last flight on July 8-21, 2011, the crew for this flight was reduced to four people. nine0003

In 1991, the US space shuttle fleet was supplemented by the Endeavor (OV-105) shuttle, named after one of the ships of the British fleet, on which Captain James Cook traveled. The shuttle was built to replace the crashed shuttle Challenger. The first flight was made on May 7, 1992. During its service, the shuttle completed 25 flights to the Earth’s orbit and spent 299 days in space. He made his last flight from May 16 to June 1, 2011.

Total since 1981 years to 2011, the shuttles carried out 135 flights.

The shuttles were designed to stay in orbit for two weeks. The longest space trip was made by the Columbia shuttle in November 1996 – 17 days 15 hours 53 minutes, the shortest – in November 1981 – 2 days 6 hours 13 minutes. Typically, shuttle flights lasted from five to 16 days. The cost of each shuttle flight was about $450 million.

Over the years of service, the Space Shuttle has launched into space a large number of civil and military communications satellites, heavy reconnaissance satellites of the Ministry of Defense (their mass reached 15 tons), spacecraft for the study of planets and the Sun, Spacelab space laboratories. The Hubble observatory, GRO, etc. have begun work in near-Earth orbits. A large amount of scientific and technical experiments have been carried out in weightlessness and open space conditions, SMM and Intelsat satellites have been repaired in orbit, and two communication satellites have been returned from orbit for reuse. nine0003

In the 1990s, shuttles took part in the joint Russian-American program “Mir – Space Shuttle”. Nine dockings were carried out with the Mir orbital station. The shuttles played an important role in the implementation of the project to create the International Space Station (ISS). Eleven flights were performed under the ISS program.

In 2011, the Space Shuttle program was closed due to the high cost and in connection with the reorientation of NASA to new tasks outside the near-Earth space. nine0003

After the closure of the NASA Space Shuttle program, all “retired” shuttles have taken places in American museums. The non-flying shuttle Enterprise, which was in the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington (USA), was delivered to the Intrepid Aircraft Carrier Museum in New York (USA) in June 2012. His place at the Smithsonian was taken by the shuttle Discovery. The Endeavor shuttle was delivered to the California Science Center in mid-October 2012, where it was installed as an exhibit.

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