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Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Apostolic Church in Porto Rico
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By John R. Vile
Although the Supreme Court decision in Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Apostolic Church in Porto Rico, 210 U.S. 296 (1908), does not directly mention the First Amendment, it illuminates the establishment clause by casting light on matters involving church property. The case involved a dispute in Puerto Rico, a colony the United States had acquired from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War, over whether a municipality or the Catholic Church owned a house of worship, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe (pictured above). Lower courts found that the Puerto Rican legislative assembly had the right to confer original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico to decide such matters. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed. (Image via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3. 0)
Although the Supreme Court decision in Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Apostolic Church in Porto Rico, 210 U.S. 296 (1908), does not directly mention the First Amendment, it illuminates the establishment clause by casting light on matters involving church property.
Case involved whether a municipality or church owned a house of worship
The case involved a dispute in Puerto Rico, a colony the United States had acquired from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War, over whether a municipality or the Catholic Church owned a house of worship. Lower courts found that the Puerto Rican legislative assembly had the right to confer original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico to decide such matters. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed.
Court held that the church owned the property
Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller wrote the unanimous decision for the Court, stating that the law “recognized at the time of the cession [of Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States] the juristic personality and legal status of the [Roman Catholic] church. ” Fuller proceeded to trace the history of church/state property relations from the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine through medieval and Spanish law to the present, including Justice Joseph Story’s decision in Terrett v. Taylor (1815), relative to the Episcopal Church’s ownership of glebe lands in Virginia.
Although at the time of Fuller’s decision the United States did not have diplomatic relations with the Vatican, Fuller observed that “[t]he Holy See occupies a recognized position in international law, of which the courts must take judicial notice.” He observed that “by the Spanish law, from the earliest moment of the settlement of the island to the present time, the corporate existence of the Catholic Church has been recognized.” Fuller said that the recognition of the church as a “juridical person” with “the right to acquire, possess, or transfer all kinds of properties” provided the basis for adjusting “the difficult problem incident to the transfer of sovereignty from a regime of union of church and state to the American system of complete separation. ”
Citing a statement by future Supreme Court chief justice William Howard Taft as governor general of the Philippines and the Court’s decision in Late Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. United States (1890), he observed that once land was given to the church, it became the church’s. The fact that the municipality might have contributed to the building under a system where church and state were fused did not affect the church’s current title to the property.
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The 9 most beautiful towns and villages on Gran Canaria – Barceló Experiences
Gran Canaria is so much more than Las Palmas (the capital), and the popular spots of Maspalomas and Puerto Rico. The island is dotted with pretty little towns and villages that are ideal for exploring. Whether it be a small fishing port or somewhere far from the beach surrounded by volcanoes, the smallest places on Gran Canaria are fine examples of the local architecture, economy and customs.
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It’s easy to get to know a few of them because they are all reasonably close to each another. Take a trip around the island and uncover some of its best-kept secrets.
Gran Canaria towns and villages that are really worth a visit
Here is a selection of towns and villages to guide you on your trip around Gran Canaria. Of course, there are also many more places that are a delight to visit.
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Not-to-be-missed locations in the north of the island
Arucas
Governors and land owners settled in Arucas following the Spanish Conquest and, to this day, there is still an air of the old financial power that existed back in the day. The local artistic heritage includes San Juan Bautista Church, which is actually commonly known as Arucas Cathedral. It is an impressive Gothic Revival-style building made of black stone. If you like rum, you can also visit the Arehucas rum factory where the archipelago’s most famous rum is made.
Arucas
Firgas
Firgas undoubtedly boasts one of the quaintest and best-kept old quarters on the island. The two main streets – Paseo de Gran Canaria and Paseo de Islas Canarias – have been pedestrianised. On the first, you can see twenty-one heraldic coats of arms, one for each of the island’s municipalities, and on the second, the seven islands in the archipelago have been carved into the ground.
Don’t miss Casa de la Cultura, an attractive multi-purpose local government building; San Roque Church; and Acequia Real, the impressive recently-restored irrigation canal. Near the centre, you will find Las Madres viewpoint and a picture postcard view of the island where the landscape blends into the ocean.
Firgas, Paseo de Canarias
Agaete
It is really worth your while taking a walk around beautiful Agaete. It has pretty white houses and a quaint old quarter where you will find Concepción church and Huerto de las Flores garden. One of the island’s most important archaeological sites – Maipés necropolis – is also in the locality. It is an ancient and impressive cemetery with around 700 tombs carved into solidified lava. And that’s not all: Agaete has some amazing natural pools and, as you might expect from a good fishing village, you can eat incredibly fresh fish in any of its restaurants. La Rama, the local festivity, is held in August.
Agaete
Teror
In Teror, you can visit Nuestra Señora del Pino Basilica in the main square. You can also stroll through the streets, many of which have been pedestrianised, and admire traditional Canary Island architecture. The traditional homes have wooden balconies, many of which are alive with brightly-coloured floral displays.
Teror
Inland Gran Canaria
Tejeda
This area of Gran Canaria has been populated since ancient times. In fact, Roque Bentayga crag, which is in the locality, was a sacred place for the natives. Enjoy the surrounding countryside and impressive views or visit Roque Nublo crag. Tejeda is perfect if you are interested in culture. If you’re keen on ethnography, then the local museum (Museo Etrnográfico) will be of interest to you. However, if sculptures are more your thing, then don’t miss the Museo de Esculturas where you can enjoy Canarian Abraham Cárdenes’ work.
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Agüimes
Agüimes dates back to the period following the conquest of the Catholic Monarchs. San Sebastián Church, which was built in the neoclassical style, is well worth a visit. If you are keen on ancient history, you can visit the remains of ancient settlements in the area. For example, the Temisas and Guayadeque native settlements and the spectacular surrounding landscapes.
Puerto de Mogán
Puerto de Mogán has grown over the years but it still retains an air of tradition. The canals, traditional whitewashed homes and colourful plants and flowers are enchanting. It also has a small port with a charming marine walk. It is a perfect spot for taking a seat and having some refreshments.
Puerto de Mogán
The prettiest towns and villages in southern Gran Canaria
San Agustín
This tourist spot is pure tranquillity with just the odd surfer or fan of water sports to break the silence. The beach is a haven of peace and quiet and nothing like busy Playa del Inglés. It gets a limited number of visitors and the sea is quite calm.
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Arguineguín
Arguineguín is a traditional fishing village and a perfect spot for a dip in the sea. There are excellent beaches and natural saltwater swimming pools in the area. Since you will undoubtedly have built up an appetite, treat yourself to the local fresh fish next to the port. If you’re lucky, there will be clear blue skies and an opportunity to spot the summit of the Teide mountain across the way in Tenerife.
Arguineguin
Other lovely towns and villages on Gran Canaria
This list of beautiful towns and villages on Gran Canaria is by no means exhaustive. Galdar, Santa María de Guía, Vega de San Mateo and Ingenio are also great places to visit. If you’re driving along and spot a signpost to any of them, don’t think twice about turning off and spending some time there.
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Gran Canaria, Spain – travel guide Planet of Hotels
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is one of the two capitals of the archipelago, founded in 1478 by Juan Rejon after the victory over the Guanches. It is a large cosmopolitan city that has become one of the most popular resorts due to its climate – researchers at Syracuse University USA claim that it is the best in the world. There are enough attractions in the city and, interestingly, you can safely add the word “most” to many of them.
For example, the oldest food market in the city, the most prestigious shopping center in Gran Canaria, El Corte Ingles, the largest Canary Botanical Garden in the country, the best city beach in Spain, Las Canteras, decorated with magnificent man-made masterpieces of sand along its entire length. In the historical center of Vegeta, the House of Columbus, the Bishop’s Palace of the 16th century and the Cathedral of St. Anne, the construction of which began in 149 deserve attention.7 and still going on. The most interesting museums of the city are the Atlantic Center for Contemporary Art, located in a beautiful old building in the colonial style, and the Museum of the Canary Islands.
Maspalomas is the island’s most popular resort. It is known for a large number of entertainment – shops and shopping centers, amusement parks, discos, restaurants, bars, where nightlife is in full swing. The main symbols of the city are the highest lighthouse in the Canaries, El Faro de Maspalomas, and the famous sand dunes adjacent to the beaches. The most comfortable – Playa del Inglés – with golden sand, excellent infrastructure and very popular among young people. Take a break from the noise on the secluded dark brown beach of San Agustin. Windsurfers prefer Baia Feliz and Playa del Aguila, where strong winds almost always blow. For walks and recreation, tourists can recommend the Palmitos Park botanical garden, where many exotic birds live, bizarre cacti grow, and bright tropical butterflies flutter over blooming orchids.
Agaete is a very pretty village in the northwestern part of the island. It has retained its historical appearance and is a real embodiment of beauty and harmony – snow-white old houses are conveniently located in a picturesque fertile valley, and mountains rise around, whose slopes are overgrown with the best pine forest on this part of the land. The most interesting places in Agaete and nearby are the Maipes Necropolis, the ancient Church of the Immaculate Conception and the beautiful park of Puerto de las Flores. On the way back, it is worth stopping by the village of Puerto de las Nieves. Its white and blue houses look very beautiful against the backdrop of a pebbly beach, and here you can taste the best freshly caught fish dishes on the island – right on the surf line.
Telde is the oldest city on the island, built by the Guanches before the arrival of the Spanish conquerors. This is a real monument of a bygone era, preserving the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people. With over a hundred archaeological sites, ancient churches, shady squares and colorful colonial-style houses, you can wander around Telda leisurely all day and admire every corner of it. The most colorful sights of the city: the most beautiful temple of Gran Canaria – the Basilica of St. John the Baptist and the sanctuary of St. Christ, the church of San Pedro Martir, decorated in an elegant Flemish style, the house-museum of Leon y Castillo, the charming street of Altosano, the ancient caves of Baladero and the symbol of the city is the centennial aqueduct.
Tejeda is a favorite place for ecotourists who come to the island to relax from the stress and bustle of bustling cities. This small village is located in the center of the island of Gran Canaria, next to its symbol – the top of Roque Nublo. Recreation here is leisurely walks along the cobbled streets among snow-white houses with bright tiled roofs, as well as exciting hikes along forest paths in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. For vacationers in Tejeda, there are several quiet rural hotels and a municipal swimming pool, near which you can sunbathe, enjoying the delicate smell of almonds – traditionally it is the basis for any confectionery. Not far from the village is the huge Nublo National Park – many species of rare birds and plants live in its forests and rocky plateaus with gorges.
Puerto Rico → Santa Cruz de Tenerife: 5 ways to get there from €876
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Some international borders started to reopen in Spain from June 15.
Can I travel within Spain?
Some domestic travel restrictions have started to ease in Spain since June 21.
Are there travel restrictions from Puerto Rico?
At this time we are unable to provide information regarding travel restrictions from Puerto Rico. For the latest COVID-19 travel status in Puerto Rico, please refer to government guidance.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Official Information for Puerto Rico
Last update: February 8 | Data sources: ACAPS, OXFORD
Questions and answers
What is the cheapest way to get from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
The cheapest way to get from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife is by plane and bus for €470 – €1500 and takes 17h 56min.
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What is the fastest way to get from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
The fastest way to get from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife is by plane for €650 – €2100 and takes 13h 41min.
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How far is it from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
The distance between Puerto Rico and Santa Cruz de Tenerife is 5216 km.
How long does it take to travel from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
It will take approximately 13h 41m to get from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife including transfers.
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How long does it take to fly from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
There is no direct flight from San Juan Airport to Tenerife Airport. The fastest flight will take 12 hours 55 minutes and includes one stop.
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What is the time difference between Puerto Rico and Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
Santa Cruz de Tenerife is 4 hours ahead of Puerto Rico. At the moment it is 01:20 in Puerto Rico and 05:20 in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
Which airlines fly from San Juan Airport to Tenerife Airport?
Vueling Airlines, Binter Canarias and Iberia offer flights from San Juan Airport to Tenerife Airport.
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Where can I stay near Santa Cruz de Tenerife?
1567+ hotels available in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Prices start at €87 per night.
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How do I get to San Juan Airport (SJU) from Puerto Rico?
The best way to get from Puerto Rico to San Juan airport is by taxi, it takes 11 minutes. and will cost €30 – €40.
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Which companies offer trips from Puerto Rico to Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain?
Iberia
- Website
iberia.com
- Avg. travel time
- 12h 55m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Avg. travel time
- 15h 5min
- When
- Monday
- Estimated price
- €700 – €2100
- Avg. travel time
- 15h
- When
- Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Avg. travel time
- 15h 10m
- When
- Monday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2100
- Avg. travel time
- 15h 10m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Avg. travel time
- 17h
- When
- Friday
- Estimated price
- €750 – €2200
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 10m
- When
- Friday
- Estimated price
- €700 – €2100
- Avg. travel time
- 12h 30m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Avg. travel time
- 16h 55m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Avg. travel time
- 17h 49m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €490 – €1500
- Avg. travel time
- 13h 5min
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 13h 25m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 14h 30m
- When
- Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 16h 10m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 16h 25m
- When
- Tuesday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 15m
- When
- Tuesday and Friday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €2000
- Medium travel time
- 17h 50m
- When
- Monday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €650 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 18h 14m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €500 – €1500
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 24m
- When
- Monday
- Estimated price
- €500 – €1600
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 19m
- When
- Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €500 – €1500
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 29m
- When
- Monday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €500 – €1500
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 29m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €500 – €1500
United Airlines
- Website
- united. com
- Avg. travel time
- 13h 40m
- When
- Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €600 – €1900
- Avg. travel time
- 16h 28m
- When
- Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- €450 – €1400
Air Europe
- Website
aireuropa.com
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 54min
- When
- Daily
- Estimated price
- €550 – €1400
- Avg. travel time
- 20h 54m
- When
- Wednesday and Friday
- Estimated price
- €550 – €1300
titsa
- Telephone
- +34 (0) 922 531 300
- Website
- titsa.com
- Avg. travel time
- 1h 3min
- Frequency
- Every 30 min
- Estimated price
- €9 – €11
- Website
Fred Olsen
- Telephone
- +34 902 10 01 07
- reservas@fredolsen.