Jayuya puerto rico: Jayuya, Puerto Rico – Town Of The Three Peaks
Jayuya
Jayuya, Puerto Rico
The municipality of Jayuya was founded in 1911. It is known as the «High Ground,» the «Town of the Tomato,» the «Town of the Three Peaks,» the «Indigenous Capital of Puerto Rico,» the «Overlook of Puerto Rico» and the «Artisan Mecca.»
The autonomous municipality of Jayuya is located in the central region of Puerto Rico and covers 39 square miles km. It consists of the sectors of Jayuya-Pueblo, Coabey, Collores, Jauca, Jayuya Abajo, Mameyes Arriba, Pica, Río Grande, Saliente, Veguitas and Zamas. According to the 2000 Census, the population is 17,318.
Jayuya is also known for its indigenous monuments: The Written Rock and the Tibes Rock, located in the Coabey sector; The Tomb of the Indian in Jayuya-Pueblo sector; and the Indigenous Mural in the Zamas sector, where the Jayuya sun petroglyph was found.
The Cemí Archaeological Museum exhibits archaeological pieces from the indigenous cultures of the island. The municipality is also the site of the National Indigenous Festival of Jayuya, one of the most important folk festivals held on the island.
It honors the memory of the Tainos.
Geography
Jayuya is bordered by Utuado and Ciales on the north, by Ponce, Juana Díaz and Orocovis on the south, by Ciales on the east and Utuado on the west. It is located in the highest elevations of the Central Mountain Range, site of the highest mountains in Puerto Rico. Its land is high in clay content and the elevation of its lower sandy hills range between 400 and 2,000 feet. meters.
The highest point on the island, La Punta, is 4,390 feet in elevation. Other important peaks are: Cerro Magoyo, Piedra Blanca, Cerro Maravillas, Cerro Saliente and the Tres Picachos. The largest segment of the Toro Negro Forest is also located in Jayuya and Ponce. It is located at an elevation of between 440 meters (1,433 feet) and 1,338 meters (4,390 feet). Rivers in the municipality include the Grande de Jayuya, as well as the Saliente, Jauca, Limón, Naranjito and Veguita.
It is believed that the word «jayuya» comes from the indigenous word «Hayuya,» which means «place of the guavas.
» Other historians assert that the name Jayuya comes from the Taino Chief Hayuya. His home was located in the territory that is now Jayuya. Around 1513, the Spaniards Alonso Niño and Alonso de Mendoza sacked the indigenous settlement and sold the Indians as slaves.
Originally, the area was called «Arenas Jayuya» and was a sector of Utuado, which was later divided into Jayuya Arriba and Jayuya Abajo. In 1534, the settlement was located on the road between San Juan andSan Germán.
In 1815, the territory known today as Jayuya experienced a big influx of families from Europe, the Canary Islands and Asturias. It was the year that the Real Cédula de Gracias encouraged the immigration of foreigners who were Catholics. Around 1878, a settlement was formed near a chapel in Jayuya Arriba. In 1883, the residents got the chapel assigned to the Tomás Rata presbytery. During the same year, the king of Spain, Alfonso XII, authorized construction of the Nuestra Señora de la Monserrate parish church.
Originally, the economy of Jayuya was based on raising cattle and horses. Later, coffee was introduced. Agriculture in Jayuya was greatly affected by the San Ciriaco Hurricane that hit the island in 1898.
In 1907, the first highway to Jayuya was built, opening the way to progress for the town. In 1910, typhoid fever devastated the rural population. A Methodist preacher from the United States, Signey W. Edwards, took spiritual and material consolation to those who suffered from the epidemic.
On March 9, 1911, after several attempts, the residents of Jayuya convinced the Puerto Rico legislature to approve Law No. 34, which created the municipality of Jayuya with the sectors of Jayuya Arriba or Pueblo, Jayuya Abajo and Mameyes Arriba. These sectors were separated from Utuado. At the time it was founded, the municipality had 9,287 inhabitants. Its first mayor was Rosario Canales.
In 1925, the Figueroa School was built, along with other school buildings in the sectors of Collores and Coabey.
The municipal hospital was built on land donated by Catalina Figueras. Three years later, the San Felipe Hurricane devastated the town of Jayuya. One consequence of the storm was an economic crisis that affected the coffee-growing sector.
In 1930, the Coabey and Veguitas-Zamas sectors, both divisions of Jayuya Arriba and Jayuya Abajo, became part of Jayuya. Eighteen years later, the Puerto Rico Planning Board created the sectors of Collores, Jauca and Pica, formed from land separated from Jayuya Abajo. The Jayuya Arriba sector was eliminated and its territory divided into the new sectors of Río Grande and Saliente. Veguitas-Zamas was divided into Veguitas and Zamas and the urban zone was expanded.
Around 1934, a sugar mill was established in Jayuya. It later became the Santa Bárbara plantation. It ceased operations in 1948.
In 1950, Jayuya was the site of an armed revolt that was known as the Nationalist Revolution of 1950. The rebellion was led by Pedro Albizu Campos and Jayuya native Blanca Canales, among others.
The nationalist leaders occupied the police headquarters and the post office and proclaimed the Republic of Puerto Rico. The National Guard intervened and defeatedof the rebellion.
By 1976, the municipality’s economy continued to depend on agricultural products: coffee, tomatoes, beans and vegetables. Cattle and manufacturing have also been important parts of the economy, along with internal tourism.
Symbols
Flag
The history of the Jayuya flag is similar to that of the coat of arms. A band of green peaks with a white border divides the flag horizontally on a red background. The flag represents the spirit of the Jayuya residents and their pride in their town.
Coat of Arms
The Jayuya coat of arms is a heraldic symbol that represents the cultural, historic and social heritage of the town. The red background symbolizes the peaceful coexistence and brotherhood of the Jayuya residents. On the upper part of the seal is a castle or fort wall with three towers, which represents Jayuya’s status as a municipality.
Below this, centered in the upper section, is a crown, the symbol of Chief Hayuya. In the center is a band of green peaks with a white border that represents the Tres Picachos, the natural beauty of the Jayuya countryside, and the Virgen de la Monserrate, the patron saint.
Places of Interest
• Canales House Museum
• The Tres Picachos
• The Written Rock
• Monument to Chief Hayuya
• Tomb of the Puerto Rican Indian
• El Cemí Museum
• Hacienda Gripiñas Parador inn
• Jayuya Cultural Center
• .Monument to Nemesio R. Canales
• Music Plaza
• Nemesio R. Canales Plaza
Illustrious Citizens
Rosario Canales Quintero Founded the town of Jayuya in 1883. First mayor of Jayuya from 1911 to 1916. Father of Nemesio Canales, Mario Canales and Blanca Canales, among others.
Nemesio Canales Rivera Journalist, essayist, playwright, novelist, poet and legislator. As legislator for the Union Party, he presented the first bill to guarantee the legal rights of women in 1909.
His literary contributions include his famous essays Paliques and the theatrical work El Héroe Galopante, among others.
Mario Canales Torresola Mayor of Jayuya, representative in the House from 1944 to 1962. President of the Agriculture Commission in the 1950s, the era when the tomatoes of Jayuya made history. Member of the Constituent Assembly of 1952.
Blanca Canales Torresola: Recognized social worker and revolutionary leader. Participated in the Nationalist Revolution on October 30, 1950, and proclaimed the formation of the Republic of Puerto Rico in Jayuya under the motto God and Fatherland.
Jesús Ríos Robles Folk music performer during the 1930s and 1940s.
Antonio Romero Muñiz (Toñín Romero) Known as «The Jíbaro of town and country.» Singer and composer of boleros, Christmas songs and décimas. He is honored with a bust in the Music Plaza and at the Toñín Romero Festival, where troubadours sing his songs.
Roberto Rivera Negrón Actor and director of television series, adventures and comedies, and participant in poetry readings.
Received numerous prizes for his work.
Carlos Orama Padilla Writer, poet and journalist. Wrote about popular personalities and the daily life of the past.
Events
• National Indigenous Festival- November
• Three Kings Festival- January
• Jíbara Tomato Festival- February
• La Monserrate Marathon- September
• Virgen de La Monserrate Patron Saint Festival -September
Text taken from enciclopediapr.org
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4 Cool, Hidden,
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Updated April 25, 2022
Jayuya, Puerto Rico
El Cemi Museum
This niche museum devoted to ancient religious artifacts is shaped like the very thing it displays.
Jayuya, Puerto Rico
Cerro de Punta
The highest peak in Puerto Rico is home to a rare fern that can only be found on six trees at its summit.
Jayuya, Puerto Rico
La Piedra Escrita
This rock in the middle of a river in Jayuya contains dozens of Pre-Columbian Taíno petroglyphs.
Jayuya, Puerto Rico
Tumbo del Indio
A place to pay homage to Taíno heritage.
Are we missing something unusual?
Add it!
Adjuntas, Puerto Rico
Casa Pueblo
This community-driven organization uses education and eco-friendly technology to protect the environment.
9 miles from Jayuya
Ponce, Puerto Rico
Hacienda Buena Vista
This museum preserves the heyday of Puerto Rican coffee.
10 miles from Jayuya
Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Cueva Ventana
This limestone cave offers an incredible view of the Río Grande de Arecibo valley.
12 miles from Jayuya
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On January 1, 1962, the first independent state in Oceania emerged – Western Samoa. This event was quite natural. The struggle for freedom of the people of Western Samoa has continued almost uninterrupted throughout the previous years of this century. Back at 19On 21 AD, the Samoans petitioned the English King George V, asking for the status of self-government. This struggle gained special development after the end of the Second World War. In early 1947, the Samoans petitioned the UN for independence. At its first session (March-April 1947), the UN Trusteeship Council decided to send a visiting mission to Western Samoa to investigate the circumstances set forth in the petition. Despite obvious sympathy for New Zealand governing Western Samoa, the mission, in its report of 12 September 1947, assessing the political, economic and social development of the population of Western Samoa, noted that the political organization and social structure of the territory had reached such a development that they could serve as the basis for the creation of a progressive developing self-government.
Based on the report of the visiting mission, the Trusteeship Council adopted the recommendations of the administering authority on the need to accelerate the political development of the territory. But the New Zealand authorities were in no hurry to develop self-government in Western Samoa. It took the Samoans another decade and a half of stubborn struggle for the New Zealand guardian to give up his rights. nine0003
Did the emergence of a sovereign state in Oceania cause a change in the policy of the colonial powers in that area of the globe? No, if we talk about the principle side of the matter.
But if there were no significant changes, then the colonial powers still had to, albeit extremely reluctantly and inconsistently, make political maneuvers under the influence of the growth of the liberation movement in Oceania and the growing criticism in the UN.
The actions of the colonial powers in this respect, despite all external differences, had common fundamental features.
nine0003
The representative bodies created on the islands retained a decorative character, the indigenous population was still removed from managing their own affairs, and all power continued to be in the hands of the colonialists.
In the second half of the 1960s, the events that took place in Oceania already indicated the beginning of serious changes in the political situation in the region. The process of decolonization accelerated, the liberation movement on the islands grew. Nevertheless, the colonial powers did not yet feel the irreversibility of the process of liberation of the Oceanic peoples and pursued their policy in principle by the old methods. The exception was New Zealand, which showed great efficiency. At 19In the 60s, she changed the political status of the two largest of the oceanic territories subject to her, giving independence to Western Samoa and self-government to the Cook Islands and firmly linking them to herself.
By the beginning of the 1970s, three more Oceanic countries gained independence – Nauru, Fiji and Tonga.
They occupied a total area of about 23 thousand square meters. km with a population of 750 thousand people, while the area of all the islands of Oceania is 0.5 million square meters. km without New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands and Irian Jaya, and inhabited them at that time (again without New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands and Irian Jaya) about 4 million people. nine0003
The turning point in the attitude of the imperialist powers towards Oceania occurred in the mid-1970s, when the course of decolonization took on dimensions that threatened the administering powers and they had to adapt their policies to the new situation in order to maintain dominance over the island world.
The colonial powers began a complex political maneuvering aimed at delaying the process of granting independence to the subject territories as much as possible. But this turned out to be impossible. The course of the liberation of the Oceanian peoples was irreversible. Top 19In the 1980s, eight more sovereign oceanic countries were formed: Nauru, Tonga, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, and Vanuatu.
More than 85% of the total population of Oceania lives in independent oceanic states (excluding New Zealand, Hawaii and the province of Irian Jaya). The total area of the islands liberated from colonialism is 93% of the territory of Oceania.
Thus, by the beginning of the 1980s, the process of eliminating direct colonial domination in Oceania was completed. Over the years of independence, the sovereign states of Oceania have achieved some success in the development of the economy and culture. But this process is extremely slow. The progressive development of the oceanic states is seriously hampered by both the profound backwardness of socio-economic relations and the neocolonialist policy of the imperialist powers, which stubbornly refuse to leave Oceania. By agreeing to give the Oceanian territories formal independence, they are trying to maintain control over their former possessions. And the United States and France have not granted and are not going to grant independence to any of the oceanic territories subject to them.
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In an effort to retain the islands of Micronesia, the United States unceremoniously violates the norms of international law, ignoring the requests of the progressive public of the planet.
For strategic reasons, the United States has long dreamed of taking possession of the countless scattering of islands in the Pacific Ocean, united by the geographical concept of Micronesia. It includes the archipelagos of the Mariana, Marshall and Caroline Islands.
It was from the Mariana Island of Tinian on August 6, 1945 that the B-29 bomber took offwith a terrible nuclear cargo for Hiroshima. And in July 1946, a year before the United States officially took over the administration of Micronesia as a “guardian” under an agreement with the UN, they began to intensively test there, on Bikini Atoll, the deadliest weapon in the history of mankind.
The UN Charter obliges the trustee state to “promote the political, economic and social progress of the Trust Territory, progress in the field of education and development along the path to self-government or independence .
..” The activities of the American administration in Micronesia were actually subordinated to one task: the maximum use of the islands in the military-strategic interests of the United States. nine0003
From the very beginning of their administration of Micronesia in 1947, the American authorities began to oust the indigenous population from their ancestral lands in order to use them for their military needs. By the mid-1970s, only 38% of the land remained in the hands of local residents (on the Mariana Islands – 12%, on Palau – 24%).
Agriculture, the backbone of the Micronesian economy, has declined. Rice, meat and many other foodstuffs now have to be imported into the Trust Territory. Even fish! nine0003
The United States, in defiance of its duties as administering Power, also hampered the political development of Micronesia in every possible way. Only in 1965 was the Congress of Micronesia formed, which, however, did not have legislative functions. Four years later, Congress, speaking on behalf of the entire Trust Territory, began negotiations with the American government about its future status.
However, Washington began to drag them out, at the same time by all means inciting separatist sentiments in individual archipelagos, among pro-American-minded local figures. The United States, in violation of the UN Charter, the Trusteeship Agreement between the United States and the Security Council, and the Declaration of Decolonization, set out to dismember the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in order to subjugate it piece by piece. At first, the American authorities secured the signing at 1975 agreement with the Mariana Islands, according to which the archipelago called the “Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” should become a “state freely affiliated with the United States”, like Puerto Rico. Under this agreement, the United States received the right not only to maintain existing military bases, but also to build new ones.
By the early 1980s, three more “state” entities were created in Micronesia: the Marshall Islands, Palau, covering the western part of the Carolines, and the Federated States of Micronesia, including the rest of the Caroline Islands.