Puerto rico history timeline: San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

  • November 19, 1493 – Puerto Rico is discovered by Europeans, by Italian explorer and colonizer Christopher Columbus on his second voyage westwards

  • August 1508 – Juan Ponce de León discovered the San Juan Bay

  • 1537 – La Fortaleza is constructed

  • 1539 – Construction begins on Castillo San Felipe del Morro (El Morro)

  • 1582 – San Juan becomes a presidio, or military encampment

  • November 22-23, 1595 – British privateer Sir Francis Drake attacked San Juan

  • June 16 – August 27, 1598 – British Sir George Clifford attacks and occupies San Juan

  • 1601-1609 – the Spanish rebuilds parts of San Juan, reinforced El Morro and the Boquerón Battery

  • 1608-1610 – Wooden San Juan de la Cruz is constructed on El Cañuelo Island

  • September 25 – November 2, 1625 – Dutch privateer Boudewijn Hendricksz attacks San Juan and resides in La Fortaleza. Unsuccessful in capturing El Morro, Hendrickzs collected all of the wealth from the civilian homes and burned San Juan and San Juan de la Cruz to the ground before leaving the island

  • 1634 – Construction began on a new fort, Castillo San Cristóbal

  • 1634 – Construction began on the city walls

  • 1650 – The entire city is encircled with a wall

  • Circa 1650s – El Espigón, or la Garita del Diablo (the Devil’s Sentry Box), is constructed

  • 1660 – San Juan de la Cruz is rebuilt in masonry

  • 1660s – Fort La Perla is constructed (The modern-day barrio La Perla is built where this fort used to be!)

  • April – May 1765 – Field Marshall and Inspector-General Alexander O’Reilly is brought to Puerto Rico to reform the soldiers stationed there

  • 1765-1790 – Colonel Thomas O’Daly and successors build a defense-in-depth system, focusing on batteries in El Morro, creation of San Cristóbal, sections of the city walls, San Gerónimo, El Cañuelo, and the Boquerón sector

  • April 17 – May 1, 1797 – British General Ralph Abercrombie and Admiral Sir Henry Harvey attempt to invade San Juan from the east

  • 1897 – The government tears down the southeastern section of the city wall; the Santiago Gate, Ravelin, and Bastion; and parts of San Cristóbal to expand the city outside of the defensive walls

  • May 12, 1898 – American Naval Fleet commanded by Admiral William T. Sampson attacked San Juan, striking the fortifications and the city walls

  • July 1898 – American General Nelson A. Miles entered Puerto Rico from the south at Guánica, and intended to rendezvous at San Juan

  • December 10, 1898 – Treaty of Paris signed, ending Spanish-American War and Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States

  • 1898 – Fort Brooke established by the U.S. Army at El Morro

  • 1949 – El Morro and San Cristóbal were transferred from the United States Military to the Department of the Interior, National Park Service

  • 1983 – United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) identifies La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site as a UNESCO site

Last updated: November 21, 2019

Puerto Rico profile – Timeline

  • Published

Image caption,

Old fort in the capital, San Juan

A chronology of key events

1493 – Voyager Christopher Columbus claims Puerto Rico for Spain.

1898 – Under the Treaty of Paris, Puerto Rico is ceded by the Spanish to the US at the end of the Spanish-American War.

1917 – Jones Act grants US citizenship to Puerto Ricans.

1947 – Partial self-government granted, enabling Puerto Ricans to elect their own governor.

1950 – October – President Truman signs the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Bill, paving the way for a Puerto Rican constitution. Nationalists oppose the new law and resort to violence. In November two US-based nationalists attempt to assassinate President Truman in Washington DC.

Image caption,

La Fortaleza, the residence of the island’s governor, was built in the 16th century

1951 – Puerto Ricans vote overwhelmingly in favour of US commonwealth status in a referendum.

1993 – Spanish and English declared as official languages.

2006 March – US Supreme Court rejects an appeal calling for Puerto Ricans to have the right to vote in US presidential elections.

2006 November – Puerto Rico adopts its first sales tax, aiming to address major budget deficits.

Image caption,

Door painted with Puerto Rican flag

2012 November – Voters back a non-binding referendum to become a full US state. The measure requires US Congressional approval, but President Barack Obama says he will respect the vote. US Congress begins to consider at least two bills on the status of Puerto Rico.

2013 October – Puerto Rico faces a mounting debt crisis, raising the possibility that it might require federal assistance.

2014 July – Governor Alejandro Padilla pledges to hold another plebiscite on Puerto Rico’s status by 2016.

2017 May – The US territory declares bankruptcy – the largest ever by a local US government – after being unable to pay its debts.

2017 June – Puerto Rico votes overwhelmingly in favour of becoming America’s 51st state in a non-binding referendum, though only 23 percent of voters take part.

2017 September – Two hurricanes leave a trail of devastation and generate a political row over allegedly tardy US relief efforts.

2019 July – Governor Ricardo Rosselló resigns after days of street protests over a group text message scandal involving offensives comments.

Image source, Getty Images

Image caption,

US President Donald Trump visited the island after his administration was criticised for being slow to help deal with the destruction of two hurricanes in the autumn of 2017

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    Wars of the 1950s

    nine0186


    1950

    nine0192

    nine0192

    nine0192

    nine0210

    Communist
    uprising in Ceylon

    nine0192

    nine0210

    State
    coup in Brazil

    nine0192

    nine0192

    nine0210

    Border conflict
    on the border of Tunisia with Algeria (fr)

    nine0210

    Civil war in
    Lebanon and US intervention

    nine0210

    Rebellion in Bolivia

    nine0210

    Mutiny in Mosul (Iraq)

    DATES

    EVENTS

    1950-1961

    Civil war in
    Indonesia

    1950-1963

    Guerrilla warfare in
    Hadhramaut and Adene against the British

    1950.01.14,05.18-19

    Unsuccessful attempt
    coup in Bolivia

    1950.04

    Military coup on
    Haiti

    1950. 06.25-1953.07

    Korean War

    1950.10

    Uprising in
    Puerto Rico(USA)

    1950.10.07

    Intrusion
    PRC to Tibet

    1950.11.11-20

    Nepal rebellion


    1951

    1951-1955

    Border conflict
    Colombia with Peru

    1951.04.5-05.08

    Border conflict
    Israel with Syria

    1951. 05.10

    Military coup in
    Panama

    1951.05.16

    Military coup in
    Bolivia

    1951.06.29-07.1

    Naval mutiny in
    Thailand

    1951.09.28

    The failure of the uprising in
    Argentina

    1951.10-1952.01

    Rebellion in the zone
    Suez Canal (Egypt)

    1951.10.13

    Rebellion in Venezuela

    1951.11.28

    Military coup in
    Syria

    1951. 11.29

    Failed military mutiny
    in Thailand


    1952

    1952-1955

    Saudi conflict
    Arabia with Muscat and Oman(brit)

    1952-1956

    Moroccan uprising
    against the French colonizers

    1952.01-1956.03

    Tunisian uprising
    against the French colonialists

    1952.01.24

    Unsuccessful uprising in
    Nepal

    1952. 03.10

    Military coup
    F. Batista in Cuba

    1952.03.20

    Trieste uprising
    (Italy)

    1952.04.8-11

    Revolution in Bolivia

    1952.07.22-26

    Revolution in Egypt

    1952.10-1956.07

    Mau Mau’s Rebellion
    Kenya

    1952.12.02

    State
    coup in Venezuela


    1953

    1953

    Rebellion in Nepal and
    indian intervention

    1953. 06.13

    Military coup in
    Columbia

    1953.06.16-17

    Vostochny uprising
    Berlin (GDR)

    1953.06.26

    State
    coup in the USSR and the arrest of L. Beria

    1953.07.26-27

    The uprising in Santiago and
    Bayamo (Cuba)

    1953.08.12-19

    1953.08.19

    Military coup in
    Iran

    1953.08.29-31

    Border conflict
    between Italy and Yugoslavia

    1953. 10

    British
    intervention in Kuwait

    1953.10.09

    British
    intervention in Guyana

    1953.11.09

    Unsuccessful uprising in
    Bolivia

    1953.12-1954.02

    Rebellion and military
    coup in Syria


    nineteen54

    1954

    Rebellion in Tibet (PRC)

    1954-1955

    Armed conflict
    China with Taiwan

    1954-1974

    Guerrilla warfare
    Naga tribe in India

    1954-1991

    Guerrilla warfare in
    Burma

    1954. 05

    Border conflict
    between Yemen and Aden

    1954.05-06

    Uprisings in Kingirsky
    and Dzhezkagan ITL (USSR)

    1954.05-07

    Civil war and
    US intervention in Guatemala

    1954.05.05

    Army uprising in
    Paraguay

    1954.07-1964.08

    Civil war in
    South Vietnam

    1954.07-1955.08

    Border conflict
    India with Goa (colony of Portugal)

    1907/54/31

    Border conflict
    between China and Burma

    1954. 08.8-25

    Brazilian uprising

    1954.11.01-1962.03

    War in Algeria against
    French colonizers


    1955

    1955-1985

    Uprising in the South
    Sudan

    1955.01.11-02.17

    Border conflict
    between Nicaragua and Costa Rica

    1955.04-06

    Border conflict
    between Pakistan and Afghanistan

    1955. 04-1959.12

    Guerrilla warfare on
    Cyprus against the British colonialists

    1955.04.2-5

    Military rebellion in Yemen

    1955.05-11

    Armed conflict
    between England and Saudi Arabia

    1955.05-1959.12

    Oman uprising
    against the British colonialists

    1955.05-1962

    Cameroon uprising
    against the French colonialists

    1955.05.10

    Military coup in
    South Vietnam

    1955. 06-11

    Rebellion in Argentina

    1955.11.11

    1955.12-1956.03

    Jordan uprising


    1956

    1956-1961

    Tamil rebellion on
    Ceylon

    1956.02.16-25

    Equilas Uprising
    (Peru)

    1956.04.05

    Border conflict
    between Yemen and Aden

    1956. 04.29

    The uprising was suppressed in
    Matanzase (Cuba)

    1956.06

    Guatemalan uprising

    1956.06-1958.05

    Yemen uprising
    against the British colonialists

    1956.06.10-14

    Peronist uprising in
    Argenitene

    1956.06.28-29

    Uprising in
    Poland

    1956.07

    Armed conflict
    between France and Tunisia

    1956.10

    Anti-English
    uprising in Oman and Qatar

    1956. 10.21

    Military coup in
    Honduras

    1956.10.23-11.4

    Anti-communist
    uprising in Hungary

    1956.10.29-11.06

    Suez war
    England, France, Israel vs. Egypt

    1956.11

    Uprising in
    Santiago de Cuba (Cuba)

    1956.12-1959.01

    Civil war on
    Cuba


    1957

    1957. 02.15

    Uprising in
    Mauritania(FR)

    1957.05.10

    Military coup in
    Columbia

    1957.05.2-3

    Border
    clashes between Honduras and Nicaragua

    1957.05.26-06.07

    1957.09-11

    Border conflict
    Turkey with Syria

    1957.09-1958.03

    Ifni uprising and
    Western Sahara v. France and Spain

    1957. 10.03

    Unrest in Warsaw (Poland)

    1957.10.25

    Military coup in
    Guatemala

    1957.12

    Anti-English
    uprising in the Maldives


    1958

    1958

    Armed conflict
    between China and Taiwan

    1958.01.1-09.07

    Revolution in Venezuela

    1958.02-03

    Anti-English
    uprising in Nyasaland

    1958. 02-07

    Border conflict
    on the border of Tunisia with Algeria (fr)

    1958.04-10

    1958.05.13

    Military coup
    French “ultra” in Algeria

    1958.05.16-22

    Unsuccessful uprising in
    Santa Cruz (Bolivia)

    1958.07.14

    Anti-monarchist
    revolution in iraq

    1958.07.17-10.29

    British
    intervention in Jordan

    1958. 09.26

    Military coup in
    Burma

    1958.10.07

    Military coup in
    Pakistan

    1958.10.21

    1958.10.21-11

    Moroccan uprising

    1958.11-12

    Border conflict
    Thailand with Cambodia

    1958.11.17-18

    Military coup in
    Sudan

    1958.12-1961.12

    Uprising in the West
    Irians against the Dutch colonizers


    1959

    1959-1960

    Rebellion in the Reef
    (Morocco)

    1959-1960

    Rebel invasion of
    Paraguay from Argentina

    1959. 01-1960.06

    Uprising in
    Belgian Congo

    1959.02

    Anti-French
    uprising in the Middle Congo and Gabon

    1959.03.10-27

    Rebellion in Tibet (PRC)

    1959.03.8-9

    1959.04.19

    Unsuccessful uprising in
    La Paz (Bolivia)

    1959.04.24-05.01

    Cuban landing in
    Panama

    1959.05.12-1962

    1st Civil War in
    Laos

    1959. 05.30-06.14

    Attempted rebellion in
    Nicaragua

    1959.06.23

    Cuban invasion of
    Dominican Republic

    1959.06.26

    Unsuccessful uprising in
    Santa Cruz (Bolivia)

    1959.07.14-20

    Kirkuk uprising
    area (Iraq)

    1959.08-10

    Border conflict
    between India and China

    1959.08.13

    Cuban landing on
    Haiti

    1959.

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