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What is the Difference Between the Continental and Contiguous United States?

Caitlin Dempsey | June 27, 2022June 27, 2022 | Political Geography

The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, USA, or the US) the third largest country in the world after Russia and China with a total land area of 3,796,742 square miles (9,833,520 square kilometers).

The actual geography of the United States is not comprised of one connected land area. The majority of the United States is located between the countries of Mexico and Canada. Alaska is separated from the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia by Canada.

Hawaii is located further west in the Pacific Ocean and there are the following commonwealths and territories: Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Map showing the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the United States. Map: Caitlin Dempsey, Natural Earth data. Map projection: North America Albers Equal Area Conic.

There are two geographical terms used to designate a portion of the United States: continental and contiguous.

What is the continental United States?

On May 14, 1959, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names defined the continental United States as “the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia…”

Continental refers to these states as being part of the North American continent, along with the countries of Canada and Mexico.

This means that the state of Hawaii, which in an archipelago that lies about 2,500 miles west of California is not included in this geographic term for the United States. Commonwealths and territories of the United States are also not included.

The continental United States is sometimes referred to by the U.S. government as CONUS (a merge of continental and US).

Map showing the geographic extent of the continental United States. Map: Caitlin Dempsey, Natural Earth data.

What is the contiguous United States?

The contiguous United States is a geographic term that only includes the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia (more commonly known as Washington, D.C. or D.C.).

The majority of the land area of the United States is found in the contiguous U.S, with 83.65% of the country’s total area. This area is 3,119,885 square miles (8,080,470 square kilometers) in size.

Contiguous means adjacent or sharing a boundary with. Alaska, while on the same continent, is separated from the other 48 states on the mainland by Canada.

A very similar term, but not as common in usage, is the term “conterminous United States.”

Map showing the geographic extent of the contiguous United States. Map: Caitlin Dempsey, Natural Earth data.

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Description, Cape Verde – tour operator ART-TOUR

• Currency:

  Escudo, rigidly pegged to the euro. The exchange rate is 110.265 escudos for 1 euro. 1 US dollar is equal to » 80 escudos.

​

The archipelago consists of 10 large and 5 small islands, divided into “leeward” and “windward” groups. The windward group includes Santo Antao, San Vicente, San Nicolau, the uninhabited island of Santa Luzia, Sal and Boa Vista. . In the “lee” – Santiago (Santiago), Brava (Brava), Fogo (Fogo) and Maio (Maio).

o. C AL – desert island of temptations

The most popular island among travelers. Most often, tourists stop here, and go on excursions to other islands only for a short time (usually for a day or two). The active development of tourism has changed the face of the island almost beyond recognition: over the past decade, the number of local residents has doubled, first-class hotels have been opened here

BOAVISTA – dune island

The third largest island of the archipelago, an island of beaches and dunes that stretch here for 55 km. In addition, this is one of the best islands for diving and surfing. The first settlement here is the village of Povoacao Velha, which means “Old Village” in Russian.

The capital of the island is the town of Sal Rei, whose life develops only around the harbor. Recently, several first-class tourist complexes have been built on the island, so there should be no problems with accommodation here. The island is famous for its unique scenic views of deserts, oases, dunes and beaches. For example, the Viana desert, Santa Monica beach, the old Morro Negro lighthouse and the old ceramic factory. Recently, off-road and quad bike safaris and desert motocross have become fashionable entertainment on the island.

Excellent beaches – Santa Monica (Santa Mónica), Curralinho, as well as the south beaches of Lacação and Curral Velho (which are a bit difficult to access).

o. SAN VINCENTE – the island of poets and musicians

Charming resort island of volcanic origin, which has become world famous as the birthplace of the great singer Cesaria Evora. The National Craft Center is open here – a place where the traditional textile craft was restored, as well as the manufacture of jewelry from shells and stones.

Capital is Mindelo; major cities: Baia das Gatas, São Pedro, Callao. The best beach is in San Pedro.

o. SANTA LUCIA

The only uninhabited island of Cape Verde is only 5 km wide and 13 km long. There is very little vegetation on the island, the main attraction is clean beaches and dunes, as well as excellent diving. The highest point on Santa Lucia is Monte Grande (395 m above sea level).

Lack of water made it impossible to settle the island with permanent residents, despite this, since 19For centuries, fishermen and shepherds lived here – about 20 people in total. It is known that back in the 60s of the 20th century a family of shepherds lived here. However, since 1990, the state declared the island absolutely uninhabited and assigned it the status of a reserve.

o. SANTIAGO – the most African island

One of the most attractive islands in the archipelago, famous for its beautiful nature and comfortable climate. Mountains covered with eucalyptus groves and plantations of tropical plants, rocks and canyons make up the unique landscape of the island. Not far from the capital is the medieval Portuguese fortress of St. Philip – the first European buildings in Cape Verde. Ship cannons raised from the bottom of the ocean adorn the fortress walls.

o. SAN NICOLAU

A picturesque island located in the northern part of Cape Verde, 50 km long and 25 km wide. In the distant past, powerful volcanic activity was observed on the island, which gave San Nicolau a mountainous terrain. The highest point of the island is Monte Gordo (1304 m).

The capital is the city of Ribeira Brava. The major city is Tarrafal.

SANTO ANTAU – trekking paradise

Cape Verde’s second largest island of volcanic origin, preserved on its territory the remains of the past, such as the famous Cova craters. Here, ancient customs still exist, most clearly visible in traditional hospitality. For example, locals are very fond of treating tourists to traditional vodka “groge”.

The capital of the island is Ribeira Grande. The best beach is Praia Formosa.

o. BRAVA

The smallest island of Cape Verde, due to the variety of rare flowering plants, it is often called the “island of flowers”. The best beach of Brava is located near the port of Fajã d’Água. The island is located in the western part of the Cape Verdian archipelago, 20 km from Fogo. Geologically, Brava is a continuation of Fogo Island. The depth of the sea in the channel that separates the two islands is only a few hundred meters, while the bottom of the sea around the rest of the island is about 4 km deep. To the north of the island lie two small uninhabited islets.

o. MAIO

Quiet secluded island located in the extreme eastern part of the Cape Verdian necklace group of islands, at a distance of 25 km from the island of Santiago. This oldest island in the archipelago is 24 km long and only 16 km wide. In addition, Mayu is an ancient dormant volcano that has not woken up for thousands of years. The highest point of the island is Monte Penoso (436 m).

There are hotels only in the capital Vila do Maio, Morro and a few other villages.

o. FOGU – volcano island

Fogo volcano island was discovered by the Portuguese back in 1460. The last eruption here was in 1995, because of which the inhabitants of the town of Cha das Caldeiras had to leave their homes for as much as 6 months.

BEACHES

The wide sandy beaches are usually not crowded and open to everyone. Sunbeds are issued free of charge: in the morning, the staff of the nearest hotels lays them out, and cleans them in the evening.

HOTELS

The hotel base of Cape Verde is at a very high level. Despite the absence of hotels of famous world chains, most of the hotel complexes are built on a grand scale. Many hotels have an all inclusive system, there is daytime and evening animation for adults and children. Most hotels have swimming pools with both salt and fresh water.

POPULATION AND LANGUAGE

The official language is Portuguese, the locals speak Creole

TIME

Time: GMT -01:00
Difference with Moscow: -04:00

CLIMATE

The climate is dry tropical, the average temperature in July-August is about +28. .+32°C, in January-February +23..+25°C. Water temperature in the ocean: February-March +21..+22°C, August-October +25..+26°C. The wind constantly blows on the islands, which helps to endure the summer heat well. There is little precipitation throughout the year, mostly in January-February.

CURRENCY

Escudo, strongly pegged to the euro. The exchange rate is 110.265 escudos for 1 euro. 1 US dollar is equal to » 80 escudos.

TRANSPORT
Renting a vehicle costs » 50-80 euros per day.
The state of roads in the country is good. Most of the islands are dominated by mountain roads, while the islands of Sal, Boavista and Mayu have a flat landscape. In Cape Verde, the roads drive on the right.
The main fuels are household gas (butane) ($24 per 12.5 kg), gasoline ($1.81 per litre) and diesel ($1.27 per litre).
There are no toll roads in the country.
The national Russian driver’s license is recognized in the country, but it is preferable to purchase an international driver’s license. In the event of an accident, the police must be called.

Domestic flights between the islands of Santiago, Boavista, Sal, Sao Nicolau, Santo Antao and Sao Vicente are operated by Transportes Aereos de Cabo Verde (www.tacv.cv). Flights are operated 1-2 times a day in each of the directions, except for the island of Sal (4 flights per day). The cost of flights varies from $40 to $80 one way. The company offers the so-called Air Pass, which is 10 coupons for flights between the islands within 22 days. Coupons cost $380.
The fare for public transport in the city is » 0.3 euros, the cost of a taxi in the city is 1-2 euros, the fare for a taxi from the airport to the city center is » 10 euros. The distance between the city center and the airport on all islands is minimal, » 10-15 minutes by car.
Bus service, as a regular mode of transport, is absent on the islands. As a rule, 12-seater minibuses, popularly called “Carrinhos”, run around the islands. They depart as they fill with passengers and connect the main cities with villages located in the depths of the islands. Communication is quite frequent and on the larger islands (Santiago, Fogo, Sal) traveling by public transport is easy and convenient. At the same time, on small islands (Brava, Santa Luzia, etc.), the only transport can be only a taxi.
Taxis are available on all major islands (Santiago, Sal, Fogo, Mayu, Santo Antan). Given that taxis can often be the only possible means of transport (especially on small islands), prices can be quite high.

COMMUNICATION
Russian operators do not have GPRS roaming. Major hotels offer Internet access. You can also use Internet services in business centers of large cities. There are few pay phones, there are at airports and post offices.
There are two mobile phone companies in Cape Verde, KV Movel and T+.
The local mobile operator operates in the GSM 900 band, G3 and G4 operate. Subscribers of “MTS” and “MegaFon” are offered to use Thuraya satellite communication. Beeline subscribers should clarify information about roaming immediately before the trip. Travelers are encouraged to buy local SIM cards on the spot. The price is 20 euros. International calls – 0.5 euro/minute.

Country code: +238. Useful phone numbers in the country:
Praia: Central Hospital – 130, fire service – 131, police – 132;
o.Sal: Central Hospital – 2411130, fire service – 2411131, police – 2411132;
San Vicente: Central Hospital – 2327355, fire department – 2325231, police – 2314631 or 132.
The single helpline for all islands is 102.
Aeroflot: representative office on the island of Sal – hotel `Aeroflot`, PO Box 49, Santa Maria, tel. (238) 42-13-00, 42-13-01, 42-13-02, fax 42-13-02; office at the international airport. A. Cabral on about. Sal, tel. 41-11-80.

VOLTAGE

Mains voltage – 220 W.

VISA AND CUSTOMS CONTROL

• Visa: citizens of the Russian Federation do not need a visa to visit Cape Verde for up to 60 days.
• Country Restrictions: establishments are open with limited occupancy and opening hours, a test result, vaccination certificate or certificate is required for hotel check-in, entertainment and clubs, and bars and restaurants (indoors) on weekends and holidays about the illness.

Russian Embassy and consular department: Praia, PO Box 31, Achada de Santo Antonio (Priaia, Achada de Santo Antonio, S.R. 31), st. OUA, tel. (238) 61-27-38, 61-27-39 (24 hours), fax 62-27-38, telex 6016.

cultural and historical values. For the import / export of weapons and ammunition, a police permit is required. To import a car, you must go through the customs clearance procedure. The import of gasoline is possible only in small quantities with the car. The import/export of drugs is prohibited.
Phytosanitary control is carried out at the airport at the entrance. For the import/export of pets, a veterinary certificate of the country the animal is leaving is required.

LOCAL LAWS AND CUSTOMS
There are no special rules of conduct in Cape Verde.
The country’s population is represented by mulattoes of Portuguese-African origin (about 70%), some African peoples (about 28%) and Europeans (mainly Portuguese).
Local residents are different from the population of continental Africa. They are characterized by the European style of life, they are law-abiding, the level of culture and education is high. Cape Verdeans are characterized by a friendly attitude towards foreigners. If necessary, they will provide assistance, they will gladly provide information about the country.
The official language is Portuguese. At the household level, the Creole language (Creole), which has developed on the basis of African dialects and the Old Portuguese language, is widespread. Many can explain themselves in English/French.
More than 90% of the population professes Catholicism and adheres to Christian values.
Cape Verdeans prefer a leisurely, measured way of life. They are not aggressive by nature.

SAFETY
There are no terrorist threats in the country.
Crime rates have risen slightly in Cape Verde recently, but the country’s government is actively working to combat public disorder. The highest level of crime was recorded in the capital city of Praia and on the island of San Vicente, the tourist areas (O. Sal, O.Boavista) are characterized by a calm environment.
In Cape Verde, free access to all parts of the country is possible.

SHOPS AND SOUVENIRS
Grocery and manufactured goods stores are open on weekdays and Saturdays from 8:00 to 18:00, supermarkets – until 21:00. On Sunday, most shops are closed, some shops are open until 13:00.
The use of credit cards is quite common, and ATMs are installed in cities. There is no tax free practice. There are no public toilets on the streets; there are toilets in restaurants and shops. A traditional souvenir from Fogo Island is products made from the lava of the Fogo volcano. Shops selling such products are located throughout the island, most in Cha das Caldeiras. In addition, excellent coffee is brought here.

HEALTH
There are no serious health hazards in Cape Verde. The country is not characterized by typical African diseases, only isolated cases of the disease are known. Vaccination is not required to enter the country.
The sun’s rays pose a certain danger. The best time to relax on the beach is before 10:00 and after 16:00.
High waves are possible on some beaches. Tourists are usually warned of such a danger with a red flag. Long swims should also be avoided due to the current.
Medical care in the country is at the proper level, however, there is a lack of specialist doctors in some areas of medicine and diagnostic medical equipment.
Purchasing a health insurance policy is optional.
There is urgent medical care for adults and children. There are duty pharmacies in the country.
Urgent veterinary care is not provided.

Recommendations of the doctor of the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Cape Verde

If you have planned a trip or you have a business trip to the Republic of Cape Verde. It will be of interest to you that it is no coincidence that the health indicators of the inhabitants of Cape Verde are significantly higher than the average for the African continent. Because, unlike all other African countries, Cape Verde is located at a fairly remote distance from the mainland. The absence of severe viral diseases and favorable climatic conditions attract a large number of tourists.
When entering the country NOT certificates of vaccinations or vaccines are required.
However, it must be taken into account that in the Republic of Cape Verde, as in many tropical countries, although to a lesser extent, there are certain risks of viral, parasitic and infectious diseases. Therefore, it must be remembered that when traveling, you are in unusual conditions for you to eat, rest, climate, which creates an increased risk of infection and requires personal hygiene.

For prevention purposes, it is recommended:

1. Do not drink water from open sources. Tap water must be boiled. For drinking, it is recommended to use purchased water in plastic bottles. It is not advisable to use ice prepared in bars from raw water, because. it can harbor pathogens.
2. Fish and other seafood should not be eaten raw as there is a risk of helminth or toxic poisoning.
3. Raw dairy products should be used with caution due to the risk of brucellosis, salmonellosis and other infections.
4. Wash your hands often, especially after returning home from the street, visiting markets and shops, before eating.
5. Fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly under running water before consumption.

Always be aware of the dangers of excessive solar radiation . Ultraviolet irradiation in high doses causes irreversible changes in skin cells, greatly increasing the risk of cancer. Remember that prolonged exposure to the sun is harmful to the body. Excessive tanning is inevitable burns that affect the immunity of skin cells.
Recommended: Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun. Do not be on the beach from 12:00 to 15:00, since it is during these hours that the maximum solar activity occurs.