Arecibo people: Послание Аресибо: что это? – Моя Планета

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We are an independent specialist consultancy offering bespoke recruitment and talent management solutions to the hospitality industry. Our success is built on service excellence alongside a wealth of experience working within the hospitality sector. We provide unrivalled support to clients and candidates alike using our extensive experience, industry knowledge and uniquely flexible approach to support both our clients searching for a star and our candidates ready for a career move. We offer a consistent approach whether the project is local, national or international, our commitment is to deliver an exceptional recruitment service.

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We are passionate about service excellence and will offer a truly consultative approach to your career requirements. We know what it takes to embark on a new career and what this can involve, we know that this is different for every individual and as such spend time getting to know about you. We offer a bespoke solution centred around securing you the right opportunity. With support in all areas of the recruitment process from CV writing to interview preparation. We will be with you every step of the way. We offer flexibility, confidentiality and honesty ensuring we secure the right opportunity for you. If you would like to know more about how Arecibo can work with you to find your next career opportunity please call us today on 07908 435087 or email Clare McDonnell, Partner [email protected].

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With a focus on a bespoke solution, we can demonstrate a wealth of expertise in both the recruitment, selection and talent management industry as well as the hospitality industry. We understand the importance of attracting the right candidates to your organisation in this fast paced, ever changing environment and have access to an unrivalled talent pool of hospitality professionals. We can tailor campaigns to fit your specific requirements. We can support with all areas of your talent attraction and retention to include advertising, assessment centres, competency interviews, candidate profiling and skill testing, as well as on boarding support, organisational change and restructure. If you would like to know more about how Arecibo can work with your organisation to find your star of the future please call us today on 07908435100 or email Gill Fox, Managing Director [email protected].

• Established in 2015 to provide a bespoke recruitment solution to the Hospitality Industry

• Senior management team can demonstrate over 20 years of successful recruitment and selection experience

• Experienced in the delivery of bespoke retained search and selection assignments

• Skilled in the recruitment of multiple roles from entry level up to and including Director level appointments

• Ability to offer tailor made recruitment campaigns to include supporting clients with the full end to end process

• Privately owned business offering flexible recruitment solutions and costing options

• Dedicated service driven team of Consultants to support throughout the recruitment process and beyond

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Arecibo message: what is it? – My Planet

People have been wondering for a long time if there is life on other planets, and from time to time they try to find brothers in mind in the Galaxy. We talk about the most famous message to space – Arecibo, as well as some other attempts at space correspondence.

On November 16, 1974, the Puerto Rican Arecibo Observatory launched a radio signal, directing it towards M13, a cluster of stars in the constellation Hercules. It was there that American astronomers Frank Donald Drake and Carl Edward Sagan, who wrote the message, hoped to find signs of life.

Arecibo message: decoding

Photo: NASA

M13 nebula

The signal lasted only 169 seconds, but during this time, astronomers managed to send into space the most important information about man and the Earth. The message to the aliens was encrypted and consisted of seven parts. When deciphered correctly, the numbers from one to ten came first. The atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus were then reported. In the third part, the molecular formulas of DNA nucleotides were given. Next, the number of base pairs in the human genome and the shape of the DNA molecule were given. Deciphering the fifth part of the Arecibo message would allow aliens to obtain information about a person, the sixth – about the solar system. Finally, the final part talked about the Arecibo telescope itself and the observatory.

Arecibo’s message was supposed to show aliens that they are not alone in the universe. However, another theory was later born: in this way, scientists noted the modernization of the radio telescope.

Humanity has not yet received an answer from space. Yes, and will not receive it in the near future. The distance between Earth and M13 is 25,000 light years. And this means that, if there is an answer to Arecibo’s message, you can count on it in a little less than 50,000 years.

2020 is the last year for the historic Arecibo observatory. The reflector of the telescope is located in a natural karst funnel, above it, at a height of 123 m, a 900-ton instrument platform is suspended. The cables no longer withstand the load, attempts to repair are life-threatening, so the Arecibo observatory was closed in the fall. Arecibo worked for 57 years.

Other attempts to contact extraterrestrial civilizations

Photo: NASA

Record attached to the Pioneer 10 interplanetary station

Arecibo is not the only attempt to send a message to aliens. In fact, the first message was launched by Soviet scientists from the Center for Deep Space Communications in Evpatoria in 1962. Candidate of Technical Sciences and Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Oleg Rzhiga suggested using Morse code as a code. Beating off the letters, the scientists wrote three words: “Peace. Lenin. USSR” and sent a signal to Venus. True, the goal was not to get in touch with the aliens. Formally, it was an equipment test.

But the Americans deliberately placed plates with information on NASA’s Pioneer-10 and Pioneer-11 automatic interplanetary stations. They were schematic representations of a man and a woman, neutral hydrogen molecules, the solar system and the position of the Sun relative to the center of the Galaxy. The message to space was sent in 1972 and 1973.

Quartz cobblestones are fragments of an information container sent to Earth by aliens

One of the last attempts to establish contact with aliens was made in 2017. Astronomers from the Center for messages to extraterrestrial civilizations (Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence, METI) sent a radio message to the planet GJ 273b. First, scientists believe that it can be life. Secondly, the distance from Earth is only 12 light years. So in the 2040s, we may well have an answer.

Alien message to earthlings

Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula. Image from the Hubble Space Telescope

Some believe that other worlds are also trying to contact people, and they are waiting for the message of aliens to earthlings.

So, in 2007, at the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite, quartz cobblestones with incomprehensible inscriptions made using plasma were discovered. Based on the fact that this method of applying information is unfamiliar to mankind, and the structure of the cobblestones contained a substance of unearthly origin, Yuri Lavbin, who at that time held the post of president of the Tunguska Space Phenomenon Foundation, put forward a hypothesis: quartz cobblestones are fragments of an information container sent to Earth aliens.

In the same 2017, scientists announced that the radio signals that astrophysicists have been recording for the past ten years do not really come from our galaxy.

In any case, even if there was a message from aliens to earthlings, it has not yet been deciphered. But Seth Szostak, an employee of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, is sure that by 2040 aliens will definitely get in touch with us.

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World astrophysics has suffered a heavy loss – one of the largest, and perhaps the most famous radio telescope in the world – Arecibo, is disabled forever and will be dismantled. He acted in films and sent a signal to potential brothers in mind, he searched for aliens in the SETI@home program and found the first planet outside the solar system, he mapped Venus and passing asteroids, but metal fatigue took its toll 57 years after construction. The first cable broke in August 2020, the second cable broke in early November, and yesterday scientists decided that the repair was too dangerous for the workers and it was easier to undermine the telescope supports themselves than to wait for it to collapse.

The radio telescope was built by the Americans in 1963 in Puerto Rico, a tropical island in the Caribbean. The place of construction was chosen for a number of reasons, including geographical latitude, remoteness from civilization, and terrain. The design of Arecibo differs markedly from many other radio telescopes. Most of the “dish”, which astronomers call the “primary mirror”, have a swivel design that allows you to direct the antenna to any point in the visible sky.

This expands their capabilities, but limits their size – the largest rotating antennas have a diameter of 100 meters. Arecibo, on the other hand, has a diameter of 305 meters, but its main mirror is laid in the basin of an old karst funnel (sometimes mistakenly called an extinct volcano). The collecting antenna Arecibo is stationary relative to the ground, but the irradiator is moving – the receiving antenna at the focus of the “dish”. To do this, a platform is suspended above the main mirror, at a height of 150 meters.

The mobility of the feed allows the radio telescope to cover part of the sky within a radius of 20 ° around the zenith, but to realize this possibility, the main mirror was made spherical, not parabolic. Due to the tilt of the earth’s axis during the year, the observatory could observe a significant part of the sky in the northern hemisphere. A similar technical solution has been implemented in the Soviet-Russian RATAN-600 radio telescope, although the antenna designs there are noticeably different.

It is curious that now similar two-meter “micro-Arecibo” for schools and institutes is produced by the Russian private company “Lorett”. This arrangement is simple in structure, easy to move and install, and convenient to place on the roof.

The Arecibo radio telescope, unlike many of its smaller counterparts, was not just an “ear”, it could also “speak”, i.e. work like a radar. This opened up unique opportunities for scientists – experimental astronomy. For the most part, astronomy is a passive science, scientists create scientific instruments and observe, collect signals and light that come to Earth naturally. Arecibo, on the other hand, shone in the radio range itself, and could receive reflected rays. So he managed to map Venus with a resolution of up to 1 km. More precisely, only the Soviet “Venus” and the American Magellan could create maps.

Arecibo was able to see strange deposits near the poles of Mercury, which the Messenger probe later identified as water ice.

Yes, there are deposits of water ice on the nearest planet to the Sun!

And he did not find anything like this near our Moon. Although it is now believed that the subpolar soil of the Moon is relatively rich in water, and this has been confirmed by independent methods, it is likely that these are not glaciers, but small ice crystals distributed in the soil.

In recent years, the Arecibo radar has worked hard in determining the distance and even in mapping passing near-Earth asteroids. In this case, he practically embodied the idea from which he grew up – the prevention of a threat from space. Although sixty years ago, the Soviet Union, and not the Asteroid Belt, was considered the source of such a threat.

In some cases, Arecibo did not observe the asteroid itself, but only “illuminated” it, and the reflected radio signals were received by other radio telescopes, such as the 100-meter Green Bank Telescope or the 70-meter Goldstone in the USA. Together they did a great job, and now we know a lot more about asteroids.

For example, that some “space stones” have satellites – smaller stones.

Some are double.

And some are contact binaries, which is more typical for cometary nuclei.

The farthest “shot” of Arecibo is the “message” of the same name. The addressee of the message – the star cluster M13 will wait for a signal for 25 thousand years, and then we will have to wait the same amount for an answer. Therefore, it was more of a beautiful PR than real science, but it ensured the popularity of the observatory and sustainable funding for decades. Hollywood, who fell in love with the futuristic architecture of the telescope, also helped in popularizing it. Here, James Bond defeated the villains, and Jodie Foster listened to alien signals in the science fiction film Contact.

Arecibo also excels in astrophysics and deep space observation. First, he confirmed a neutron star in the Crab Nebula, and then he managed to “hear” a planet near the pulsar. More precisely, he heard only a pulsar, but the nature of his radio pulses suggested to scientists that there was some kind of constant interference nearby. It turned out to be the first confirmed extrasolar planet. Now exoplanets have already been confirmed by several thousand, and they even gave the Nobel Prize, though not for the “pulsar”, but for the usual stellar one, and they are looking for other methods.

Arecibo also worked with our RadioAstron to study the most distant objects in the observable Universe – quasars. Together with other large telescopes, Arecibo contributed to one of the most important discoveries of RadioAstron – it determined the extreme brightness of quasars, which is impossible according to existing models of these phenomena.

Although the radio telescope remained the largest in its class for a long time, it was regularly upgraded. Initially, he didn’t even have a “plate” – it was a fine mesh hanging on cables above the basin. Then more than 30 thousand perforated aluminum plates were hung on the grid. This expanded the range of “audibility” of the radio telescope. To protect against growing interference, a mesh fence was installed around the perimeter of the “dish”. AT 9The 0th to the irradiator, similar to a large television antenna, added the “Gregorian Dome” – a secondary mirror, which increased the accuracy of the received signals, and made it possible to place new equipment, both for receiving and transmitting.

As a result, the capabilities of the observatory have increased, but the load on the cable system has also increased. Three supports supported not only the mesh base of the “dish” with aluminum sheets, but also the 900-ton platform of the irradiator and the “Gregorian Dome”. But the telescope held on. It was erected in a seismically active region, in which tropical cyclones are not uncommon, so there was a margin of safety there. The budgets came first. Financial problems began in the 2000s. Even then, scientists had to write appeals to politicians to allocate funds for the observatory. And here geography played against science – if it were on the continental territory of the United States, then its cultural and educational significance would help. And so, all his fame developed the tourism industry of Puerto Rico, and he had to pay for his work from the US budget. So American officials took every opportunity to cut the budget, while Puerto Rican officials were short of funds. NASA also made some contribution, and in total it was possible to recruit both to work and maintain the telescope.

Then the equipment began to fail.
In 2008, the island was rocked by a 6-odd earthquake, and one of the support cables that held the platform began to unravel on Arecibo. He was quickly fixed with a steel “tire”.
In 2017, Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico, which tore off two-thirds of the pin of the old “TV antenna” feed. She fell on the “plate” and knocked out several segments.
In 2018, the telescope lost its title as the largest when China completed construction of the 500-meter FAST.
Finally, in August 2020, for no apparent reason, one of the auxiliary cables of the Arecibo platform jumped out of its mount, punched a 30-meter hole in the main mirror, and slightly damaged the Gregorian Dome.

As soon as the scientists were able to assess the damage, and with grief in half knock out funds for repairs, the second cable broke. And this damage turned out to be much more serious than the first. The point is no longer the size of the hole in the main mirror, but the fact that it was one of the six cables on which the entire “plate” hung over the hollow. The remaining cables crackled and also began to lose small threads. Moreover, it turned out that the main cable burst in calm weather, under the influence of 60% of the maximum allowable load. Those. if this is not a marriage of a particular cable, but a common property of all of them, then the rest can break in the same way – at any moment and at the stroke of a hummingbird’s wing.

Under such conditions, emergency work is fraught with human casualties, which have so far been avoided.