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wandkarte mit el camino pilgerrouten auf der nordroute an einer mauer in der nähe von leon, spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Wandkarte mit El Camino Pilgerrouten auf der Nordroute an einer…
palencia. luftaufnahme in fuentes de valdepero., dorf mit schloss in spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Palencia.
Luftaufnahme in Fuentes de Valdepero., Dorf mit…
spanisches wappen – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanisches Wappen
Das Wappen Spaniens. Die Datei ist für einen optimalen Druck im CMYK-Farbraum integriert und kann problemlos ohne Farbverschiebungen in RGB konvertiert werden.
die flagge von kastilien und león weht an einem klaren tag im wind – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Die Flagge von Kastilien und León weht an einem klaren Tag im…
Die Flagge von Kastilien und León weht an klaren Tagen im Wind. Kastilien und León ist eine autonome Gemeinschaft im Nordwesten Spaniens. Rückansicht.
flagge von leon, county des bundesstaates florida, in vereinigte staaten – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Flagge von Leon, County des Bundesstaates Florida, in Vereinigte…
Flagge von Leon, County im US-Bundesstaat Florida
spanien stadtplan 3d auf weißem hintergrund – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Spanien Stadtplan 3d auf weißem Hintergrund
Europa, Französisches Baskenland, Karte, Andalusien, Aragón
das aquädukt von segovia ist eines der am besten erhaltenen erhöhten römischen aquädukte und ein unesco-weltkulturerbe.
– the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Das Aquädukt von Segovia ist eines der am besten erhaltenen erhöht
Besichtigung der Stadt Segovia, Provinz Segovia, Kastilien und León, Spanien – Juni 2022
blick aus der tür von chirstopher columbus (puerta de san cristiból) auf dem südlichen querschiff der kathedrale von sevilla. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Blick aus der Tür von Chirstopher Columbus (Puerta de San Cristibó
Tournee durch Sevilla, Andalusien, Spanien – Juli 2022.
typisches gebäude. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Typisches Gebäude.
Béjar (Spanien), 1. September 2020. Béjar ist eine Stadt in der Provinz Salamanca in der Autonomen Region Kastilien-León. Es ist die Hauptstadt der Sierra de Béjar.
león rathaus fassade, stadt león, spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
León Rathaus Fassade, Stadt León, Spanien.
spanien kartenhintergrund mit provinzen. spanien karte isoliert auf weißem hintergrund. vektorillustration – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanien Kartenhintergrund mit Provinzen. Spanien Karte isoliert…
Vektor-Illustration
spanien flagge komplett mit kompliziertem wappen – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanien Flagge komplett mit kompliziertem Wappen
Hochdetaillierte Flagge Spaniens mit kompliziertem Wappen im Vektorformat.
mittelalterliche kanonenkugeln, templerburg, ponferrada, spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Mittelalterliche Kanonenkugeln, Templerburg, Ponferrada, Spanien.
Hochwinkelansicht der mittelalterlichen Steinkanonenkugeln und Burgmauern, Templerburg, Ponferrada, Spanien.
23. Juli 2020.
rathaus von leon castilla spanien. camino de santiago – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Rathaus von Leon Castilla Spanien. Camino de Santiago
Rathaus von Ayuntamiento de Leon in Kastilien-Spanien. Jakobsweg
spanien-reise-karte – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanien-Reise-Karte
ecke des braunschweiger rathauses mit einem teil eines beweglichen riesenrades – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Ecke des Braunschweiger Rathauses mit einem Teil eines…
spanien hoch detaillierte vektorkarte (farbige von autonomen gemeinschaften) mit administrativen abteilungen. alle layer, abnehmbare und beschriftet. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanien hoch detaillierte Vektorkarte (farbige von autonomen…
templerburg – ponferrada – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Templerburg – Ponferrada
spanien und leon.
separatismus konzept puzzle. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Spanien und Leon. Separatismus Konzept Puzzle.
karte von städten und straßen in spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Karte von Städten und Straßen in Spanien.
set von icons. provinzen von spanien flags – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Set von Icons. Provinzen von Spanien flags
historisches gebäude palacio de los guzmanes palast in leon, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Historisches Gebäude Palacio de Los Guzmanes Palast in Leon,…
aktuellen sitz der regierung der provinz león – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Aktuellen Sitz der Regierung der Provinz León
Derzeitiger Sitz der Provinzregierung von León.
palacio de los guzmanes wird. leon – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Palacio de los Guzmanes wird.
Leon
Palast der Guzmanes. Leon, Spanien
verctor karte von städten und straßen in nicaragua. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Verctor Karte von Städten und Straßen in Nicaragua.
astorga rathaus und hauptplatz, stein arkade. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Astorga Rathaus und Hauptplatz, Stein Arkade.
panorama von der plaza mayor mit dem rathaus in zamora, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Panorama von der Plaza Mayor mit dem Rathaus in Zamora, Spanien
Zamora, Spanien – 17. April 2018: Panorama der Plaza Mayor mit dem Rathaus in Zamora, Spanien
flagler college mit niemand von florida architektur, berühmte statue in altstadt eingangstor zur universität – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Flagler College mit niemand von Florida Architektur, berühmte.
..
3d waved spanien stadtflagge von kastilien und leon – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
3D Waved Spanien Stadtflagge von Kastilien und Leon
astorga-rathaus – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Astorga-Rathaus
Das Rathaus von Astorga vom Hauptplatz der Stadt aus gesehen. Barockstil im XVII Jahrhundert. Regentag, Reflexionen auf nassen Steinböden. León, Kastilien und León, Spanien.
zugangstür zum schloss la mota in medina del campo, valladolid, kastilien und leon, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Zugangstür zum Schloss La Mota in Medina del Campo, Valladolid,…
spanien vektor-karte – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole
Spanien Vektor-Karte
Spanien Vektorkarte, Regionenkarte und Madrid Bezirke Karte
menschen besuchen mittelaltermarkt beim volksfest in ponferrada, spanien.
– the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Menschen besuchen Mittelaltermarkt beim Volksfest in Ponferrada,…
löwen-flagge – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Löwen-Flagge
astorga rathausfassade . provinz lein, kastilien-léon, spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Astorga Rathausfassade . Provinz Lein, Kastilien-Léon, Spanien.
Astorga Rathaus Fassade, Barockstil im XVII Jahrhundert vom Hauptplatz der Stadt aus gesehen. Provinz León, Kastilien und León, Spanien.
vintage symbol der castilla leon – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Vintage Symbol der Castilla Leon
die menschen gehen unter mittelalterlichen fair ständen in der alten stadt ponferrada, spanien. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Die Menschen gehen unter mittelalterlichen fair Ständen in der…
Die Leute schauen sich die Verkaufsstände während der mittelalterlichen Messe in der Altstadt von Ponferrada, Spanien, an.
Die Hauptstadt der Region Bierzo wird mit Musik, Veranstaltungen und farbenfrohen Dekorationen für die lokalen Feiertage lebendig.
castle der templars – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Castle der templars
Schloss der Templer, Ponferrada, Leon, Spanien
astorga town hall und colonnade. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Astorga town hall und colonnade.
regierungsgebäude in der altstadt von avila, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Regierungsgebäude in der Altstadt von Avila, Spanien
Avila, Spanien – 18. April 2018: Regierungsgebäude im historischen Zentrum von Avila, Spanien
uhrturm auf der straße der uhr gebaut auf der alten mittelalterlichen wand von karl i mittelalterlichen stil datiert im 16. jahrhundert in ponferrada. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Uhrturm auf der Straße der Uhr gebaut auf der alten.
..
Uhrturm auf der Straße der Uhr Erbaut auf der alten mittelalterlichen Mauer von Karl I. Mittelalterlicher Stil im 16. Jahrhundert in Ponferrada. 7. August 2011. Ponferrada, Leon, Kastilien-León, Spanien Europa. Reisetourismus Straßenfotografie
leon, ciudad stadt flagge, spanien, nahaufnahme – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Leon, Ciudad Stadt Flagge, Spanien, Nahaufnahme
Leon, Stadtflagge von Ciudad, Land Spanien, Nahaufnahme, 3D-Rendering
spanische flaggen hängen von balkonen. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Spanische Flaggen hängen von Balkonen.
Spanische Flaggen hängen an Balkonen. Vertikale Ansicht von kleinen Details der Gebäudefassade im Sonnenlicht, klarer Himmelshintergrund, Kopierraum darauf verfügbar. Kastilien und León, Astorga
panorama der historischen burg von segovia, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Panorama der historischen Burg von Segovia, Spanien
Segovia, Spanien – 18.
April 2018: Panorama der historischen Burg von Segovia, Spanien
provinz león in spanien fahnenschwingen bewölkten himmel hintergrund – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Provinz León in Spanien Fahnenschwingen bewölkten Himmel…
leon, ciudad stadt flagge, spanien, nahaufnahme – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Leon, Ciudad Stadt Flagge, Spanien, Nahaufnahme
Leon, Stadtflagge von Ciudad, Land Spanien, Nahaufnahme, 3D-Rendering
wichtigsten fassade des palastes der guzmanes sitz des provinzrates von león. architektur, reisen, geschichte, street photography. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Wichtigsten Fassade des Palastes der Guzmanes Sitz des…
blick auf bunte ponferrada dekoriert für lokaler feiertag. – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Blick auf bunte Ponferrada dekoriert für lokaler Feiertag.
Wimpel und Fahnen schmücken die Altstadt Ponferrada, eine mittelalterliche Stadt in der spanischen Region Bierzo.
guzmanes palace. leon, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Guzmanes Palace. Leon, Spanien
Palast der Guzmanes (Guzmanes Palast). Leon, Spanien
tourist-zeichen auf dem platz plaza san marcelo in leon, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Tourist-Zeichen auf dem Platz Plaza San Marcelo in Leon, Spanien
historisches gebäude archivo histórico provincial de león in spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Historisches Gebäude Archivo Histórico Provincial de León in…
menschen essen und trinken auf dem hauptplatz von salamanca, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Menschen Essen und trinken auf dem Hauptplatz von Salamanca,…
Salamanca, Spanien – 17. April 2018: Menschen essen und trinken auf dem Hauptplatz von Salamanca, Spanien
historischen rathaus an der plaza mayor von astorga, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Historischen Rathaus an der Plaza Mayor von Astorga, Spanien
ponferrada rathausgebäude dekoriert mit spanischen flaggen für lokale festlichkeit.
– the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Ponferrada Rathausgebäude dekoriert mit spanischen Flaggen für…
junge leute auf der straße vor der kathedrale von leon – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Junge Leute auf der Straße vor der Kathedrale von Leon
spanische flagge – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Spanische Flagge
Spanische Flagge in Fromista, Kastilien und León, Spanien
panorama des rathauses in salamanca, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Panorama des Rathauses in Salamanca, Spanien
rathaus von salamanca – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Rathaus von Salamanca
Fassade des Rathauses am Plaza Mayor in Salamanca, Spanien
historische rathaus auf dem hauptplatz von toro, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Historische Rathaus auf dem Hauptplatz von Toro, Spanien
baroque town hall, astorga, spanien – the flag of the castile and leon, spain stock-fotos und bilder
Baroque Town Hall, Astorga, Spanien
Detail an der Fassade des barocken Rathauses aus dem 17.
Jahrhundert in der Stadt Astorga, Spanien
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BFL2021 Feudal The Kings of Castile and Leon in the 12th to 13th Centuries
BFL2021 Feudal The Kings of Castile and Leon in the 12th to 13th Centuries – Spain
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Donnington ‘New Era’
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Heraldic album. Sheet 9 | Publications
Articles of the Vokrug Sveta magazine
Golden pomegranate of the reconquista
In the era of the Crusades, when the streams of warriors rushed across the sea, for the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, such wars were, one might say, a domestic affair. Powerful Muslim states were located on the Spanish lands, and from the north, step by step, Christian kings led the reconquista (that is, the conquest) – Castile, Leon, Aragon, Navarre, Portuguese … In 1147, Castile and Leon united, and their sovereign Alphonse VII accepted title of Emperor of all Spain. But after the death of Alfonso VII, the power was divided again, and only in 1230 both kingdoms were reunited – this time forever. It was then that a four-part shield was born – perhaps the first such in the history of heraldry – with alternating coats of arms of Castile and Leon: a three-towered golden castle in a scarlet field and a purple lion with a golden crown in a silver field. nine0003
Spanish flags – state and national.
The symbolism of all these colors and figures was uncomplicated, which often distinguished medieval coats of arms. The scarlet field was understood as the blood on which the Castilian castles were established; the silver field, apparently, meant purity. The purple color of the lion meant the same thing as the lion himself – power and nobility. However, the main task of the figures was a simple indication of the names of the united kingdoms: the castle in Spanish is castillo, and the lion is leon. Note that Castile really got its name from castles and fortresses, while Leon (or Legion) was named in memory of the ancient Roman legions that once stood on its territory. nine0003
Usually the Castilian-Leonese coat of arms is attributed to Alfonso VII the Emperor. Alas, this is just a beautiful legend…
After the Spanish (Castilian-Leones) kingdom, Aragon was the most important force in the reconquista. The origin of his coat of arms (four scarlet pillars in a golden field) is told by a legend, one of the most famous in the history of heraldry.
In the second half of the 9th century, the Norman warriors, in search of easy prey and adventure, flooded the western coasts of the empire with their bands of robbers. In battles with the Normans, the ruler of Aragon, Gottfried the Hairy, Count of Barcelona, showed miracles of courage and received many wounds. Emperor Charles the Bald, who arrived on the battlefield, wished to perpetuate these exploits and, dipping his hand in the blood that flowed profusely from Gottfried’s wounds, ran his fingers four stripes over the gilded prince’s shield…
In fact, the coat of arms of Aragon, apparently, comes from the red and gold banner of the early medieval Burgundian (Arelat) kingdom.
By the 9th century, Aragon took possession of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and declared a shield obliquely divided into four parts as the coat of arms of his new possession. Aragonese pillars were placed above and below, and black eagles in a silver field were placed to the right and left. The eagles were supposed to echo the eagle of the empire and remind that Sicily had long been the possession of the imperial family of Hohenstaufen. nine0003
In 1479, thanks to the dynastic marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, both powers merged into a single kingdom. The coat of arms of the newly appeared state was not quite common. A single shield holder – an eagle with a golden crown, her head turned heraldically to the left – with both paws held a crowned heraldic shield against the background of his own chest. The eagle was chosen as a symbol of St. John the Evangelist, whom the couple revered as their patron. At the bottom, the image of the eagle was accompanied by the silent mottos of Ferdinand and Isabella, indicating the first letters of the names of both monarchs: a yoke (iugo) and a bunch of arrows (flechas). As you can see, the queen’s motto, contrary to the usual heraldic norms, pushed the emblem of a less brilliant spouse. We see the same thing in the four-part shield. The first and last quarters were occupied by the coat of arms of Isabella (itself four-part), and in the dissected second and fourth quarters, the Aragonese pillars were adjacent to the coat of arms of the Two Sicilies. Sometimes the Aragonese part, due to dynastic ties, was supplemented by the striped coat of arms of Hungary and the magnificent cross of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. nine0003
In 1492, the reconquista achieved its ultimate goal: the Emirate of Granada, the last Islamic state in Spain, fell. The so-called special part with a pomegranate fruit was added to the royal shield – the vowel coat of arms of the newly acquired province.
Golden pomegranate had green leaves and stem; in the middle of the ripe fruit lay a wide crack through which scarlet grains were visible – a sign that the fabulous splendor of Granada was now open to the Spaniards.
The title of Ferdinand and Isabella was much more magnificent than the coat of arms; there were eighteen royal titles in it (Castilian, Leonese, Aragonese, Two Sicilies, Granada, Toledo, Valencian, Galician, Majorca, Seville, Sardinian, Cordoba, Corsican, Murcia, Jaen, Algarve, Algesir, Gibraltar). There were also coats of arms of these kingdoms. But in the royal shield there was a place only for the main emblems of both united dynasties and for a pomegranate – a symbol of the victorious completion of the reconquista. nine0003
Another change of dynasties was not long in coming. Due to the suppression of the male line of the family, the Spanish throne went in 1516 to the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella in the female line – Charles of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria. At first, the coat of arms of the new king was drawn up using the same technique – dividing the shield into four. The coat of arms of Spain appeared in the first and last parts, in the other two – the family coat of arms of Charles, made up of the emblems of Austria, the Duchy of Burgundy (in the new and old versions), Brabant, Flanders and Tyrol. By the way, the golden and azure stripes of the ancient coat of arms of Burgundy, according to many scientists, come from the same Arelat banner as the coat of arms of Aragon, despite all the dissimilarity of colors. nine0003
The Habsburg griffin and the golden lion from the Castilian-Leonese arsenal became the bearers of the Spanish coat of arms.
But in 1519, Charles inherited the crown of his other grandfather – the imperial crown. Strictly speaking, as emperor, Charles V had to depict his complex Spanish-Austrian-Burgundian coat of arms against the backdrop of the shield of the empire with a double-headed eagle. But often the eagle was depicted not in a shield, but in the form of a kind of shield holder. This composition clearly resembled the arms of the times of Ferdinand and Isabella. Like them, Karl introduced a silent motto into the coat of arms. It looked like two columns placed to the right and left of the shield and provided with the inscription PLUS ULTRA (farther and farther), with the first half of this inscription accompanying one column, the second – the other. They meant the Pillars of Hercules (Strait of Gibraltar), which for pre-Columbian centuries were considered the boundary of the inhabited world; the inscription meant the dominance of the Spaniards in the New World. One column eventually was crowned with an imperial crown, the other with a royal one. The shield was decorated with the badge and chain of the Radiant Order of the Golden Fleece. Passed over from Burgundy to the emperors of the Habsburg family, this order also became the highest order in Spain. nine0003
Ultimately, the coat of arms was somewhat simplified: the place of the four-part shield was taken by a crossed one, in which the Spanish coat of arms proper was at the top, and the Austrian coat of arms was at the bottom. It should be noted that this version was the most common, not the only one. There were also much more magnificent ones, including, among other things, the coat of arms of Navarre.
After the abdication of Charles V, the imperial title went to his brother, and the Spanish throne to his son, Philip II; thus the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs became isolated, and the double-headed eagle disappeared from its coat of arms. Under Philip II, as a result of his short marriage to Queen Mary of England, an intricate hybrid of Spanish and English coats of arms appeared and soon disappeared. Under him, in 1580, the sixty-year “captivity” of Portugal began, when this country was included within the borders of Spain. Naturally, the coat of arms of Portugal at the same time also merged into Spanish. nine0003
1. Aragonese coat of arms and heraldic flags of the Two Sicilies, Sardinia, Corsica. XIV century.
2. The most concise version of the Spanish coat of arms. This is how it was depicted on the country’s flag until 1931.
3. Coat of arms of the Spanish Habsburgs.
Philip II (like his successors on the throne) retained Charles V’s silent motto, the Pillars of Hercules. At first, the traditional appearance of the Spanish royal crown was also preserved – it was open, that is, it looked like a hoop with teeth. But over time, imitating the French king (and partly his father, who had the right to the closed crowns of the empire and the German kingdom), Philip “closed” the crown, and it acquired the form that it still has. nine0003
After the suppression of the royal branch of the Habsburgs, after a heated feud, the Spanish throne in 1700 went to the grandson of Louis XIV of France, the Sun King – Duke Philip of Anjou. Thus was founded the dynasty of the Spanish Bourbons, ruling to this day. Their own dynastic coat of arms was the coat of arms of France with a scarlet border, the so-called new coat of arms of Anjou. It was placed in a heart shield and included in the somewhat re-arranged shield of the Spanish Habsburgs. Later, azure Parma lilies and scarlet Tuscan balls were added as a sign of the relationship of the Spanish Bourbons with the Farnese and Medici dynasties. nine0003
Leon’s lion suffered innocently during these changes. Its exquisite purple color was carelessly replaced by scarlet. However, the coloring of the Leonese noble beast with purple, as an exception, was in use throughout the 18th-19th centuries, and is found even now.
1. Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon. XV century.
2. Coat of arms of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella.
The French expansion of Napoleon’s time brought new troubles to the Spaniards – and a new coat of arms. The dissected and double-crossed shield carried the coats of arms of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Navarre, Granada; in the last part, the Pillars of Hercules of Charles V were “stuck in”, supplemented by a map of the two hemispheres, the heart oval shield contained the Napoleonic eagle. This blatantly unconventional coat of arms was forgotten immediately after the restoration: the country again returned to the pompous coat of arms of the monarchs of the House of Bourbon, which generally repeated the ceremonial versions of the 17th and 18th centuries and, with some interruptions, lasted until the 19th century.31 years old.
It is worth telling more about him. The basis of the coat of arms was an oval multi-part shield, in which the actual Spanish signs coexisted with the Habsburg and Bourbon ones. A golden helmet with a raised visor was decorated with a royal crown and a golden mantling on an ermine lining. The shield holders were angels in armorial outfits, similar to the costumes of heralds. Banners were in the hands of angels. From below the shield was accompanied by insignia. The whole composition was “embraced” by a purple canopy lined with ermine fur (mantle with a dome), strewn with golden images of castles and lions. nine0003
According to one of the most extravagant customs of Spanish heraldry (and contrary to common European norms), the crest of the Spanish royal coat of arms did not crown the helmet, but the mantle. The canopy dome was decorated with an open crown, reminiscent of the early crowns of the Spanish kings. A crest rose above this crown: a Castilian castle and a scarlet Leonese lion emerging from it to the waist (or rather, a leopard: after all, in heraldry, as dear readers remember, a lion with a frontal muzzle is called a leopard, and in a Spanish crest the king of beasts, crawling out of the castle, depicted as such). On the head of the leopard was a royal crown, in the right paw – a silver sword with a golden hilt, in the left – an azure orb with gold decorations. Despite the warlike appearance of the leopard, the sword in its right paw was interpreted not as a combat sword, but as a state one – a symbol of justice, cutting off lies from the truth and punishing villains. nine0003
Behind the crest fluttered a silver ribbon bearing the inscription Santiago, the war cry of kings, in scarlet. Santiago is Saint Iago, that is, the Apostle James the Elder, one of the patrons of Spain. To his relics, preserved in Compostela, crowded pilgrimages flocked (and flock to this day). At the time of the reconquista, unarmed pilgrims needed protection; they were guarded by the knightly order of St. James (Santiago), who became famous in battles with the “infidels”. Sometimes the pilgrims themselves, armed, contributed to the reconquista. It is not surprising that the name of the patron apostle has become a Spanish cry. nine0003
The normal-looking royal crown is left with a place on the helmet.
The crowned columns of Charles V were preserved next to the shield holders. It reminded of the time when the Spanish possessions circled the entire globe, and the sun never set on them. The motto was called mute, but, like the columns, it had a verbal addition, borrowed from the 49th psalm – “Asolis ortu usgue ossassum”, that is, “From sunrise to sunset”. nine0003
It is worth noting: the inscriptions at the Pillars of Hercules and in the sun were made in gold letters on scarlet ribbons in the color of the coat of arms of Castile, while the battle cry was inscribed in scarlet on silver in imitation of the signs of the Order of St. James.
The short version of the coat of arms consisted only of a shield, a crown above it and a chain of the Golden Fleece.
A completely different variant was also in use: the arms of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre were placed in a four-part shield with an oval Angevin middle shield. For Granada, a traditional special part was assigned. The shield was crowned with a crown, accompanied by traditional columns and sometimes by orders. nine0003
During the short reign of Amadeus of Aosta (1870-1873), who came from the House of Savoy, this coat of arms received a new dynastic shield. But Amadeus abdicated, and the Bourbons reigned again.
The republic of 1931-1939 also adopted a short version of the coat of arms, but, of course, there was no dynastic shield in it, and the crown of the king was replaced by a tower, the so-called civil one.
Under Franco, a new coat of arms appeared, likened to an eagle with the shield of Ferdinand and Isabella. It was understood that Franco’s supporters were making a new reconquista and finally giving up Spain to the Spaniards. At the same time, instead of the coat of arms of the Two Sicilies, Navarrese chains appeared, and the yoke and a bunch of arrows (reinterpreted as the emblem of the Francoist party – the phalanx) were combined with the Pillars of Hercules and with the new motto Una Grande Libre (single, great, free), placed on a ribbon at the head of an eagle . The appearance of the bird itself also changed: the head turned to the right, the crown crowning it gave way to a halo. Such an image of an eagle was more familiar to church tradition. nine0003
Although in 1947 Franco formally restored the kingdom and confirmed the rights of the Bourbons, there was no king in the country, and in the coat of arms there was no dynastic shield. Only in 1975, after the death of the “leader”, the heir don Juan Carl os (John Charles) became king. He restored the quadruple version of the royal coat of arms. It also adorns today the state flag, which repeats the coat of arms colors of Castile and Aragon. This flag is used only by government agencies. The symbol of the country is a flag of the same color without a coat of arms. We remind readers that in international terminology such flags are called national – not because they are associated with any one nationality, but because these are the flags of a country, a people. In Russian, it would be more accurate to talk about the national flag: the essence of the national flag is precisely that any person in the country can consider it “one’s own”. nine0003
One of the Pillars of Hercules, as before, is decorated with an imperial crown reminiscent of Charles V. Today, Spain is the only state that has preserved this sign of dignity in its coat of arms…
It should be remembered that Spain remains a country of living heraldry. Elements of the old royal emblems – a crest, shield holders, and so on – have not been canceled, but, as it were, are “in reserve”. And when the current emblem is depicted with certain traditional additions, this does not surprise anyone. nine0003
Georgy Vilinbakhov, Mikhail Medvedev
Elections in Castile and León: “red code” for the socialists of Spain – Alexander Umrikhin
Annotation
Elections in the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León ended with the collapse of the socialists, the preservation of the positions of the “People’s Party” and triumph of the national conservatives from Golos. But the vote also revealed another interesting trend: local political organizations are entering the political scene to protect the interests of their provinces, and this power can seriously affect the outcome of the country’s parliamentary elections at the end of 2023. nine0003
Alexander Umrikhin,
February 16, 2022 The results are still being summed up, but even now we can state the political failure of the left coalition. If in 2019 in seven of the nine provinces of the region the Socialist Party of Spain (PSOE) took first place, and in two – Salamanca and Avila – its main opponent, the “People’s Party” (Partido Popular), then in the elections held on February 13, the socialists lost leadership right in Zamora and Segovia, and in Soria both parties were completely overtaken by Soria Now! (Soria ¡Ya!) is a local political platform that does not gravitate towards any political ideology and advocates for the rights of the inhabitants of the province. One way or another, the socialists, who scored 30.05% against their own 34.84% in 2019year, we have to think hard about priorities: a little less than two years are left before the elections to the country’s parliament, but in order to maintain power (if the left has any plans at all), it is necessary to take action today.
Coat of arms of Castile-Leon
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Electoral shots
As part of the election campaigns, the parties exchanged traditional reproaches and accusations of populism. There were also major local political decisions. Thus, the “People’s Party” less than a month before the elections elected Alfonso Fernández Mañueco as leader of the regional branch, thus confirming his claim for re-election as head of the government of Castile and León. It is noteworthy that in 2022 Manyueco became the uncontested candidate for the right, while in 2019 he had to go through the second round of elections in the primaries. In three years, the center-right seems to have become convinced that Manyueco is the only possible candidate in his position.
Leader of the regional list “Voices” (Vox) Juan Garcia Gallardo , in turn, did not heed the rhetoric of sociologists about the need to form a coalition with the People’s Party. As part of the election campaign, he criticized Magnueco’s activities as head of the government of Castile and León for masquerading as a supporter of the head of the Autonomous Community of Madrid Isabel Diaz Ayuso , although during his reign “he was a greater sanchista than Pedro Sanchez himself “.
nine0002 Isabel Diaz Ayuso
PP Comunidad de Madrid
“He maintained a curfew from eight o’clock in the evening, he separated grandparents and grandchildren when he asked you not to get together at Christmas, he asked you to wear a mask outdoors when there are no scientific
Right-wing and far-right bear hugs
In fact, the elections simply pushed the People’s Party and Golos into a mutual embrace: both parties can easily form a parliamentary majority, and this means that they will retain their own established positions and the region will not have to hold re-elections – as required by Spanish law in the absence of a majority in parliament. 0003
The head of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Isabel Diaz Ayuso, who is the “second person” in the “People’s Party”, called for preparations for this development in advance. During her trip to Valladolid, she stated that she prefers to conclude an agreement “with the party Ortega Lara “, meaning “Voice” and a member of this party, kidnapped by ETA terrorists in the second half of the 90s, and not with the party “those who kidnapped him,” referring to the Basque left-wing nationalist party EH-Bildu.
At the same time, the rightists already understand that it will hardly be easier to agree with the right-wing conservatives on the formation of a coalition than with their age-old opponents, the socialists: Golos has already announced that, among other things, they will demand to abolish the law on historical memory at the regional level , as well as a law on gender-based violence. Also leader of “Voice” Santiago Abascal announced that Juan García Gallardo, the far-right candidate for the presidency of the government of Castile and León, has every chance of becoming deputy prime minister.
Interestingly, the general secretary of the “People’s Party” Teodoro García Ejea announced the readiness of the right to conduct a dialogue in general with all political forces about a coalition in the region. At the same time, he expressed the hope that a center-right government will be formed in Castile and Leon with a focus on the “People’s Party”, since this is what the majority of the inhabitants of the region voted for. nine0003
Teodoro García Ejea
Pp.es
Flurry of criticism
The potential cooperation between the People’s Party and Golos has already excited other political forces. Thus, Pablo Fernández , leader of the electoral list of Unidas Podemos in the region, called the emergence of such an alliance in Castile and León alarming, and also stressed that, despite the party’s poor election results, he wants to continue working, because it is “very important” that in the region had a progressive and democratic force “that would oppose the right and the ultra-right. ” nine0003
In turn, the candidate of the “Citizens” (Ciudadanos) to head the government of Castile and León Francisco Ihéa invited the “People’s Party” and Alfonso Fernandez Mañueco to fulfill his promise that he would never govern the region together with the “Voice “.
The success of the national conservatives or the triumph of populism?
Despite the leadership of the “People’s Party”, which won 31.43% of the votes, the National Conservatives from “Golos” can be called the winner of the elections in Castile and Leon: it was this party that made a sharp jump up in the electoral popularity of the population of the region, improving its result from 5.50% in 2019year to 17.64% in 2022. Analysts do not rule out that such a success of the party is due to their populist statements, as well as the electorate’s fatigue from traditional parties represented by the Socialists and the People’s Party.
But the main failure of the elections can be called the result of the “Citizens”: if in 2019 the party gained 14. 94%, then in 2022 its result was 4.49% – this is slightly more than that of the “Union of the People of Leones” (4 .30%) and less than Unidas Podemos (5.08%).
Early maneuvers of the left
It is noteworthy that the socialists seemed to have foreseen a fall in the level of electoral support in Castile and León – how else to explain their attempt to hold re-elections back in 2021? In March, the PSOE, led by Luis Tudanka , tried to submit to the regional parliament the issue of a vote of no confidence in the government of the autonomous community, but the proposal was rejected – also because the representatives of the Citizens party, represented by 11 of their representatives, remained faithful to the agreements of 2019year with the “People’s Party” and did not vote for the proposal of the Socialist Party.
Luis Tudanca
Quote from the video “Rueda de Prensa de Luis Tudanca” on YouTube
Experts consider it unlikely that the Socialists, who have lost their electoral weight, will be able to oppose something to the alliance of right-wing and right-wing conservatives: for this they will have to mobilize not only their traditional associates from Unidas Podemos (one seat in parliament), but at least try to compromise with the “Citizens”, as well as with a number of regional parties represented by the organizations “Union of the People of Leones” and “Soria Now!”.