Top cities by population: The 200 Largest Cities in the United States by Population 2023

Chicago, Illinois Population 2023

2,761,625

Chicago is a city located in Cook County Illinois. It is also the county seat of Cook County. With a 2023 population of 2,761,625, it is the largest city in Illinois and the 3rd largest city in the United States.Chicago is currently growing at a rate of 0.18% annually and its population has increased by 0.55% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 2,746,388 in 2020. Spanning over 234 miles, Chicago has a population density of 12,146 people per square mile.

The average household income in Chicago is $90,713 with a poverty rate of 20.52%. The median rental costs in recent years comes to – per month, and the median house value is -. The median age in Chicago is 34.8 years, 34 years for males, and 35.5 years for females.

The latest estimate for the population of Chicago, Illinois comes from the US Census Bureau. They confirmed that, in July 2011, there were 2,707,120 people living in the city of Chicago. The population has been estimated to be approximately 2,679,080, with slow growth and declines attributed to violence, tax increases and issues with schools.

This estimate is based on extrapolating the 2010 census data, which reported that the city was home to 2,695,598 people. The 2010 census showed a dramatic drop of almost 7% over the previous ten years, so if the Census Bureau’s 2011 figures are correct, they would appear to show Chicago tentatively entering a new period of growth.

The 2016 estimated population of 2.7 million makes Chicago the third largest city in the United States, behind New York City (8.55 million) and Los Angeles (3.97 million). Chicago is by far the largest city in Illinois, with the next largest city, Aurora, being under 200,000 people.

Population of the Chicago Metropolitan Area

Today, Chicago the city makes up only just over a quarter of the wider Chicago-Joliet-Naperville Metropolitan Area’s population. According to data from the 2010 census, the CJN Metro Area is home to an impressive 9,504,753 people. In 2016, this number is estimated to be around 9,554,598. Like the city of Chicago, the CJN Metro Area is also the third largest in the US, behind New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island (20.18 million) and the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana (13.34 million) metro areas.

As the population of Chicago itself has gradually fallen, the population of its wider metro area has grown, representing both natural growth in those areas and a gradual move of the city’s workforce into its suburbs. Like Chicago itself, the northern suburbs are relatively more affluent than its southern suburbs.

Chicago Diversity

The city’s white population is found primarily in the Northern part of the city, and its black community in the Southern part of the city (as can be seen from this map, in which red dots represent Whites, blue dots represent Blacks and orange dots represent Hispanics.) The geographical distribution of race in Chicago is mostly a result of Chicago’s historically racist housing allocation policy, which forced its black population into the cheaper Chicago South Side.

Looking back into historical data also shows some interesting trends – non-Hispanic whites made up 59% of the residents of Chicago in 1970, falling to just 31.7% in 2010 – which indicates that many of the people leaving the city over the past few decades for the suburbs have been from among its relatively more affluent white population.

Chicago Census 2010 – further reading

The best source for official data about Chicago from the 2010 census is, of course, the official census website. The census.gov Chicago quick facts page contains not only high-level data on Chicago’s population, but also more detailed statistics on the average income in Chicago, the city’s age distribution, its businesses, and other important facts.

You can also find some interesting data, including some useful Chicago population maps at the University of Chicago library website and a great news portal covering the 2010 census as it applied to the Windy City at the Chicago Tribune newspaper.

Finally, just as a word of caution to indicate that published statistics aren’t always the final word, this article in the Chicago Tribune reports that Mayor Rahm Emanuel is challenging the results of the 2010 census. He believes that the census undercounted the city’s population by around 200,000 people. Why is this so important to him? Because millions of dollars of federal subsidies, which are allocated based on relative population, are at stake.

Just around 200 settlers founded the town of Chicago in 1833, and almost immediately this small town on the US frontier became a boom town. Seven years later, the census came to town for the first time and recorded a healthy population of 4,000. Every ten years the census came, and almost every time it registered that the city’s population had doubled or more. By the time the 1890 census rolled around, over a million people were living in Chicago, America’s second largest city.

Growth, fueled by wave after wave of immigration; continued right up until 1950, where Chicago reached its highest ever population of 3,620,962.

Ever since then, Chicago has, like so many of America’s grand cities, been in decline. Almost every census since 1960 has recorded a drop in population – sometimes as much as 10% in a decade – as the city’s population gradually moves outwards to the more hospitable surrounding suburbs.

Chicago Demographics

According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Chicago was:

• White: 47.73%
• Black or African American: 29.22%
• Other race: 10.55%
• Asian: 6.84%
• Two or more races: 5.28%
• Native American: 0.34%
• Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 0.04%

The current population of Chicago, Illinois is 2,761,625 based on our projections of the latest US Census estimates.The last official US Census in 2020 recorded the population at 2,746,388.

Chicago, Illinois Population 2023

Chicago Metro Area Population by Year

Population by Race

Black or African American

Other race

Two or more races

Native American

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Chicago Population by Race

Chicago Population Pyramid 2023

Chicago Population by Age

Chicago Renter vs Owner Occupied by Household Type

3. 37

Average Family Size

2.44

Average Household Size

45.3%

Rate of Home Ownership

Married

Female

NonFamily

renter

Chicago Households and Families

Female

Less Than 9th Grade

9th to 12th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Associates Degree

Bachelors Degree

Graduate Degree

Chicago Educational Attainment by Sex (over 25)

Chicago Educational Attainment by Race

High School Graduation Rate

Bachelors Rate

The highest rate of high school graduation is among white people with a rate of 84.86%.

The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among white people with a rate of 57.72%.

Chicago Educational Attainment by Race

Female

$45,220

Average Earnings

$49,974

Average Male

$41,387

Average Female

Chicago Earnings by Educational Attainment

Chicago Language by Age

Only English

Spanish

Other Indo-European Languages

Asian and Pacific Island Languages

Other Languages

Chicago Language

64. 50% of Chicago residents speak only English, while 35.50% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 23.71% of the population.

Chicago Language

Chicago Poverty by Race

20.52%

Overall Poverty Rate

15.53%

Male Poverty Rate

19.03%

Female Poverty Rate

Poverty in Chicago

The race most likely to be in poverty in Chicago is Black, with 33.93% below the poverty level.

The race least likely to be in poverty in Chicago is White, with 9.61% below the poverty level.

The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 2.69%. Among those working part-time, it was 20.46%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 31.23%.

Chicago Poverty

Chicago Poverty Rate by Education

Chicago Poverty Rate by Employment Status and Sex

Chicago Income by Household Type

Households

Families

MarriedFamilies

NonFamilies

median

Income by Household Type

Chicago Marital Status

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Marriage Rates

35. 6%

Overall Marriage Rate

37.6%

Male Marriage Rate

33.9%

Female Marriage Rate

Chicago Married by Age and Sex

female

Chicago Marriage

The age group where males are most likely to be married is Over 65, while the female age group most likely to be married is 45-54.

Chicago Marital Status by Race

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Chicago Marital Status

Second Gulf War

First Gulf War

Vietnam

World War II

66,833

Number of Veterans

60,638

Male Veterans

6,195

Female Veterans

Chicago Veterans by War

Chicago Veterans by Age

Chicago Veterans by Race

Chicago Veterans by Education

Less Than 9th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Bachelors or Greater

11.19%

Veteran Poverty Rate

30.05%

Veteran Disability Rate

Chicago Veterans by Education

LaborForceParticipation

67. 2%

Labor Force Participation

61.8%

Employment Rate

8.1%

Unemployment Rate

Chicago Employment by Age

LaborForceParticipation

Chicago Employment by Race

LaborForceParticipation

Chicago Employment by Education

Origin of Non-Citizens

Europe

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.

Origin of Naturalized Citizens

Europe

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

58.35%

Born in Chicago

78.38%

Native Born

19.90%

Foreign Born

10.55%

Non Citizen

9.35%

Naturalized

Place of Birth

78.38% of Chicago residents were born in the United States, with 58.35% having been born in Illinois. 10.55% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Latin America.

Chicago Place of Birth

Note: data after 2020 is projected based on recent growth

Chicago Population by Year

Houston, Texas Population 2023

2,366,119

Houston is a city located in Harris County Texas. It is also the county seat of Harris County. With a 2023 population of 2,366,119, it is the largest city in Texas and the 4th largest city in the United States.Houston is currently growing at a rate of 0.87% annually and its population has increased by 2.29% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 2,313,238 in 2020. Spanning over 672 miles, Houston has a population density of 3,696 people per square mile.

The average household income in Houston is $84,179 with a poverty rate of 24.46%. The median rental costs in recent years comes to – per month, and the median house value is -. The median age in Houston is 33.3 years, 33 years for males, and 33. 7 years for females.

Houston is the 4th largest city in the United States and the largest in Texas. The city also has a global economy and only New York City has more Fortune 500 headquarters.

Houston is the economic center of Houston-The Woodlands-Sugarland, which is the 5th largest metropolitan area in the United States with over 6 million people. 2012 was the first time Philadelphia was knocked out of the top 5, thanks to Houston’s rapid growth.

Houston Diversity

Houston is a very multicultural city, partially due to its academic institutions, industry, and status as a port city. Houston residents speak more than 90 languages,, and it also has one of the youngest populations in the country due to the influx of immigrants in the state. It’s estimated that there are 400,000 illegal aliensliving in the Houston area alone.

The non-Hispanic white population in Houston had halved since 1970 when it accounted for 62% of the population. It also seems the racial and ethnic diversity increases the further away from the center of the city you move to.

Houston’s Hispanic population is increasing rapidly as more Latin American immigrants move to the area to work. Houston now has the 3rd largest Hispanic population in the United States.

There is also a significant African American population in Houston, which has been the case for most of its history. From 1870 to 1890, black people accounted for nearly 40% of the city’s population, although this ranged from 21 to 33% from 1910 to 1970.

There is also a relatively large population of refugees living in the city since the 1970s. Nearly 1,600 refugees arrive at the George Bush Intercontinental Airport every year from all over the world.

Houston Population Growth

Houston’s booming population growth has made it one of the fastest growing regions in the United States. From 2011 to 2012, Houston gained more than 34,000 people, which was the second largest numeric increase for a city in the country.

In 2013, the Houston Chronicle reported its growth shows no signs of slowing. People are still moving to the area for its plentiful jobs, education, and housing, and many job sectors are growing.

By 2020, Houston’s population is expected to grow from today’s 2.162 million to 2.52 million. By 2030, the city will have 2.8 million residents, which means it should overtake Brooklyn.

In 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York purchased a large area of land along Buffalo Bayou to found a city. The city name chosen was Sam Houston, after the general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected as the president of Texas that year.

Houston was incorporated in 1837 and became the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas. By 1860, it was a major hub for exporting cotton, and its system of bayous was extended after the Civil War to allow the city to accept more commerce.

In 1901, oil was discovered nearby, which started the development of the still massive Texas petroleum industry. By 1910, Houston was home to 78,000 people, double its population just ten years before. By the 1950s, its economy shifted toward energy has large companies began relocating to Houston.

Since the recession of the 1990s, Houston has worked to diversify its economy and reduce dependence on petroleum.

Houston Demographics

According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Houston was:

• White: 51.54%
• Black or African American: 22.83%
• Other race: 11.35%
• Two or more races: 7.02%
• Asian: 6.87%
• Native American: 0.35%
• Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 0.05%

The current population of Houston, Texas is 2,366,119 based on our projections of the latest US Census estimates.The last official US Census in 2020 recorded the population at 2,313,238.

Houston, Texas Population 2023

Houston Metro Area Population by Year

Population by Race

Black or African American

Other race

Two or more races

Native American

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Houston Population by Race

Houston Population Pyramid 2023

Houston Population by Age

Houston Renter vs Owner Occupied by Household Type

3. 41

Average Family Size

2.61

Average Household Size

42.9%

Rate of Home Ownership

Married

Female

NonFamily

renter

Houston Households and Families

Female

Less Than 9th Grade

9th to 12th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Associates Degree

Bachelors Degree

Graduate Degree

Houston Educational Attainment by Sex (over 25)

Houston Educational Attainment by Race

High School Graduation Rate

Bachelors Rate

The highest rate of high school graduation is among white people with a rate of 86.22%.

The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among white people with a rate of 54.00%.

Houston Educational Attainment by Race

Female

$37,255

Average Earnings

$41,159

Average Male

$32,339

Average Female

Houston Earnings by Educational Attainment

Houston Language by Age

Only English

Spanish

Other Indo-European Languages

Asian and Pacific Island Languages

Other Languages

Houston Language

51. 62% of Houston residents speak only English, while 48.38% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 38.19% of the population.

Houston Language

Houston Poverty by Race

24.46%

Overall Poverty Rate

17.71%

Male Poverty Rate

21.51%

Female Poverty Rate

Poverty in Houston

The race most likely to be in poverty in Houston is Other, with 35.05% below the poverty level.

The race least likely to be in poverty in Houston is White, with 9.89% below the poverty level.

The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 5.13%. Among those working part-time, it was 21.50%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 30.34%.

Houston Poverty

Houston Poverty Rate by Education

Houston Poverty Rate by Employment Status and Sex

Houston Income by Household Type

Households

Families

MarriedFamilies

NonFamilies

median

Income by Household Type

Houston Marital Status

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Marriage Rates

41. 5%

Overall Marriage Rate

43.1%

Male Marriage Rate

39.9%

Female Marriage Rate

Houston Married by Age and Sex

female

Houston Marriage

The age group where males are most likely to be married is Over 65, while the female age group most likely to be married is 45-54.

Houston Marital Status by Race

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Houston Marital Status

Second Gulf War

First Gulf War

Vietnam

World War II

69,023

Number of Veterans

62,022

Male Veterans

7,001

Female Veterans

Houston Veterans by War

Houston Veterans by Age

Houston Veterans by Race

Houston Veterans by Education

Less Than 9th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Bachelors or Greater

10.62%

Veteran Poverty Rate

28.94%

Veteran Disability Rate

Houston Veterans by Education

LaborForceParticipation

66. 8%

Labor Force Participation

62.5%

Employment Rate

6.2%

Unemployment Rate

Houston Employment by Age

LaborForceParticipation

Houston Employment by Race

LaborForceParticipation

Houston Employment by Education

Origin of Non-Citizens

Europe

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.

Origin of Naturalized Citizens

Europe

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

52.23%

Born in Houston

71.37%

Native Born

29.01%

Foreign Born

19.49%

Non Citizen

9.51%

Naturalized

Place of Birth

71.37% of Houston residents were born in the United States, with 52.23% having been born in Texas. 19.49% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Latin America.

Houston Place of Birth

Note: data after 2020 is projected based on recent growth

Houston Population by Year

Experts named Russian cities with the highest quality of life

January 6, 2022, 12:09

MOSCOW, January 6. /TASS/. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Grozny, Magnitogorsk and Vladimir were included in the list of cities where the quality of life was recognized as the highest in 2021. Such data follow from a study available to TASS, which was conducted by specialists from the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

“Among Russian cities with a population of more than 250 thousand people, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Grozny, Magnitogorsk, Vladimir, Tula, Kaluga, Naberezhnye Chelny, Belgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, Sterlitamak, Krasnodar, Makhachkala,” the study says. nine0003

When assessing the quality of life, the focus was on the following topics: the prevalence of destructive behavior of the population, the conflict of social relations, the level of income of the population, the tendency to migrate in search of a better life, interest in cultural values, assessment of the work of the urban road sector, assessment of the quality of medical care for the population , the quality of secondary and higher education, the assessment of the work of housing and communal services, the climate for doing business, the state of the ecological environment in the city, the level of concern of the population with various problems. nine0003

The top 15 cities were selected for each parameter. In particular, Sevastopol, Grozny, Arkhangelsk, Naberezhnye Chelny and Vladikavkaz are in the top five cities where destructive behavior is the least common. The cities with the least conflict in the social environment are, first of all, Grozny, Naberezhnye Chelny, Magnitogorsk, Sevastopol and Cherepovets. The highest level of consumption and material well-being are distinguished, first of all, by Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Yekaterinburg. nine0003

Makhachkala, Grozny, Krasnodar, Sterlitamak, and Kaluga are in the top five cities with the lowest propensity to migrate in search of a better life. The study showed the highest demand for cultural values ​​in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Ivanovo. The cities where the road infrastructure functions best and where there is a low probability of getting into a traffic jam and an accident are, first of all, Magnitogorsk, Belgorod, Saransk, Grozny, Yakutsk.

According to residents, medicine works best in Sochi, Magnitogorsk, Moscow, Grozny, Lipetsk. The housing and communal services system, according to the population, works best in Grozny, Irkutsk, Nizhnevartovsk, Makhachkala, Yekaterinburg. The first five cities with the lowest level of anxiety among the population are Kaluga, Tula, Yoshkar-Ola, Kursk, and Tomsk. The residents of Cherepovets, Vologda, Magnitogorsk, Vladimir, and Naberezhnye Chelny have the least complaints about secondary and higher education. nine0003

The explanation notes that the assessment of the quality of life in the cities of the country is based on the opinion of Russians about various aspects of their life. Data on the moods and assessments of the living conditions of the population were collected with the help of sociological research, data from Rosstat, the Bank of Russia and information from various open databases were also used.

Tags:

Russia Sankkanktersburgargaggelsk Region Oblavo region ivanovsky region of the Krasnodar region of the Krailipetsk region of the region of the region, regionbashkortodandgestanmaria Elmoredorovyrevye Ossetiye region, region Kurkaluzhskoye region of the Kursk region of the region of the Obligan region of the Obligan region of the Obliga Oblastelavts0003

Urbanists named the most comfortable and affordable cities in Russia — RBC

Krasnodar is the most comfortable place to live and at the same time affordable in terms of housing costs, the Urbanika Institute calculated. When analyzing the 100 largest cities in Russia, St. Petersburg was in the top five, and Moscow took 52nd place

Galitsky Park in Krasnodar

(Photo: Vitaly Timkiv / TASS)

The most important of the top 100 cities in Russia

The Urbanika Institute of Territorial Planning analyzed the 100 largest Russian cities to determine which of them are comfortable and at the same time not very expensive to live in while working in the same city.

• Only five out of a hundred cities were classified by urbanists as both comfortable and affordable at the same time: in descending order, these are Krasnodar, Surgut, St. Petersburg, Tyumen and Kaluga.
• 25 cities became “relatively affordable”. Of these, only four are millionaires – St. Petersburg, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Krasnoyarsk. nine0034
• Many of the “relatively affordable” are industrial cities, combining relatively high average wages with relatively low real estate and basic goods and services. For example, Murmansk is in 14th place due to the low cost of real estate – the city’s population is decreasing, and many apartments are being sold in it.
• Almost all industrial cities leading in terms of cheap living are at the bottom of the list in terms of environmental quality.

nine0033 According to the rating, 23 cities can be considered comfortable for life, including seven million-plus cities – St. Petersburg, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Rostov, Samara, Voronezh, Kazan. This group included several cities in southern Russia due to the favorable climate – in particular, Sochi and Stavropol.

• Moscow took only 52nd place in the rating. The main reason is the high cost of living compared to the average salary. Among the negative factors are the low provision of residents with housing (one of the last places among Russian cities), as well as traffic jams and low environmental performance. nine0034

Who is in the lead

The rating is headed by Krasnodar, which has been actively developing in the last 10-15 years and will soon become a millionaire in terms of population, notes Urbanica’s managing partner Fedor Konkov. Krasnodar came out on top because it scored high in terms of climate, residential and commercial development, combined with relatively low costs.

Surgut and Tyumen took second and fourth places. This was primarily due to high salaries, combined with a high standard of living and the livability of the urban environment. Tyumen, like Krasnodar, is a rapidly growing city: in recent years, its population has grown from 400,000 to 800,000 people. nine0003

There is only one million-plus city in the top five — St. Petersburg. The ratio of wages and the cost of buying and renting housing in this city is unfavorable, but life in it is characterized by low utility costs compared to wages, a good environmental situation and a good housing supply. In St. Petersburg, on average, there are more than 26 square meters per person. m, and, for example, in Moscow – 20 sq. m.

Who are the outsiders

Cities that took the last places in the ranking lag behind the leaders both in terms of the quality of the urban environment and the cost of living. The only exception was Sevastopol – it scored more than 60% of the possible scores in terms of environmental quality, but due to expensive rental housing, the high cost of utilities and the low availability of high-quality trade facilities, it ended up at the bottom of the rating. nine0003

The last place is Ussuriysk. The authors of the rating explain this position by the low income of the citizens, combined with not very cheap housing, in addition, there are few shopping centers in the city, low retail trade turnover, few new improvement projects and low lighting.

Who counted and how

The integral rating of Russian cities includes 100 cities with a population of more than 173 thousand people. It did not take into account such cities near Moscow as Balashikha, Podolsk, Khimki, Korolev, etc.: they are suitable in terms of population, but in terms of territorial and economic structure they are part of Moscow, the authors of the rating believe. nine0003

Norilsk was not included in the rating – due to the specific climatic, social and economic conditions, it could not be objectively assessed in relation to other cities. The overwhelming majority of Norilsk residents go to the city to work in order to save money for housing in another region, they say in Urbanika, Norilsk has no transport connectivity and there is no primary housing market. As a result, the combination of cheap housing and high incomes would have brought him to the top ten in the ranking, but the authors of the study considered this to be incorrect. nine0003

Each city could score 100 points in the rating, which consisted of the indicators of the two groups. In each group, the city could score 50 points.

• The first group assessed the quality of the environment: the provision of housing (per person), the presence of modern retail formats (the area of ​​modern shopping centers), the level of congestion of urban roads, the crime rate, the level of urban amenities, lighting, favorable climatic conditions, transport accessibility (the presence of an airport , railway station, etc. ), air pollution index. nine0034
• The second group took into account the cost of services: the possibility of acquiring one’s own housing, the possibility of renting a one-room apartment, the level of current expenses and housing and communal services, purchasing power. The indicators of the second group were calculated based on the level of average wages in the city.
• Rosstat became the main source of data. In addition, information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, real estate market consultants, and climatic indicators of the area was used.

Institute of Territorial Planning “Urbanica” is engaged in consulting and design in the field of urban planning. He has implemented more than 250 projects, including taking part in the development of Greater Moscow, in drawing up concepts for the spatial development of Sevastopol and Irkutsk. nine0003

How the ratings are used

The rating of Russian cities makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of city policies to increase the attractiveness of the city for the life of its citizens, according to Urbanika.

In November, the Ministry of Construction presented an urban environment quality index based on a study of 1,114 cities. In making decisions, the authorities of the regions will obviously rely on the rating of the ministry, since its indicators are tied to the indicators of the national project “Housing and the urban environment,” Evgeny Plisetsky, deputy director of the Institute for Regional Studies and Urban Planning at the Higher School of Economics, believes. nine0003

The Ministry of Construction Index takes into account only indicators that relate to the urban environment, without taking into account the cost of living. Therefore, its results are very different from the Urbanica rating. All existing ratings of cities are quite subjective, Plisetsky is sure. Subjectivity, according to him, is determined by what set of indicators is taken for calculation and how they are aggregated.

“Moscow will obviously take first place in infrastructure ratings. If the indicator of the commissioning of new metro stations was considered, Moscow would be in space, and St.