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El Yunque National Forest – About the Forest

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Located on the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles group, the El Yunque National Forest is the sole tropical rain forest in the U.S. National Forest System. The forest’s relatively small 28,516 acre size belies its importance. It differs significantly from all the other U.S. National Forests because of its year-round tropical climate and immense biodiversity.

The rugged Luquillo Mountains that rise to 3,533 ft. above sea level comprise most of the forest land. Their steep slopes can sometimes receive rainfall of over 200 inches (508 centimeters) per year at higher elevations. Caressed by gentle easterly winds the forest has an average temperature of 73° F (21° C), and seasonal changes are almost imperceptible. It is the ideal climate for exuberant tropical vegetation. The rain forest is noted for its biodiversity; it is “home” to thousands of native plants including 150 fern species, 240 tree species (88 of these are endemic or rare and 23 are exclusively found in this forest). The El Yunque National Forest has no large wildlife species, but hundreds of smaller animals abound in this gentle forest, many of which exist nowhere else on the planet.

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El Bosque Nacional El Yunque está ubicado en Puerto Rico, la cuarta de las Antillas Mayores. El Bosque es el único bosque pluvial tropical en el Sistema de Bosques Nacionales de los EE.UU. El tamaño relativamente pequeño del bosque, unas 11,540 hectáreas (28,516 cuerdas), no disminuye su importancia. Se distingue entre los demás bosques del Sistema Nacional debido a su clima tropical y su gran biodiversidad.

Casi la totalidad de los terrenos del bosque se componen de la Sierra de Luquillo, que alcanza una altura de unos mil metros por encima del nivel del mar. Sus empinadas laderas pueden recibir hasta 508 centímetros de lluvia al año en la parte más elevada. Acariciado por los vientos Alisios, el bosque goza de una temperatura promedio de unos 21° C, con escasa variación, el clima ideal para la exuberante vegetación tropical. El bosque pluvial se destaca por su biodiversidad: es el hogar de miles de plantas autóctonas como 150 especies de helechos, 240 especies de árboles (88 de los cuáles son endémicos o raros y 23 se encuentran únicamente en este bosque). No hay animales silvestres de gran tamaño en el Bosque Nacional El Yunque, pero abundan cientos de animalitos, muchos de los cuales no existen en ninguna otra parte del planeta.

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Its History — El Yunque Inns

Since the time human beings first populated the idyllic island of Puerto Rico, what we now call the El Yunque National Forest has been many things to many people; from the seat of a Taino God to the seat of a valuable reconnaissance tool during the second world war, as the significances of this mountain and its surrounding forest have changed, its mysteries only deepen, and its natural beauty remains forever timeless.  

The indigenous Taino were the first humans to find themselves on the island, and El Yunque loomed large in both their mythology, and their day-to-day existences. There are differing opinions as to where the El Yunque (a peak in the middle of the rainforest) actually gets its name. The Taino are said to have referred to the peak as Yuke, which means “white lands” owing to the thick clouds of fog that encircle the peak. Others attribute its present-day name to the significant deity Yúcahu, who represented everything from agriculture, peace, tranquility, and fertility to the notion of “goodness” itself.” Like the Olympian gods of ancient Greece, he resided on a mountain, and that mountain was El Yunque, where it was said he did battle with the god of chaos and disorder, Guabancex, breaking up his harmful hurricanes and storms for the benefit of the Taino. Eventually of course, Yúcahu could do little for the Taino once the Spanish emerged from their galleons, although his mountain throne did offer a refuge for people and cultural items alike.

Time passed of course, and while its silhouette shaded the Puerto Rican landscape, very little happened within the rainforest itself. In 1876 however, Spanish King Alfonso XII decreed that the peak and its surrounding forests be designated a “crown reserve,” making it one of the earliest nature reserves in the Western world. The Spanish-American war came some two decades after, and as a result Spain ceded the island of Puerto Rico to the United States. President and preeminent conservationist Theodore Roosevelt was quick to establish the site as a national forest, naming it the “Luquillo Forest Reserve,” which was amended to the “Luquillo National Forest” a few years later. With the help of personal donations, several land grants, and the acquisition of privately-owned parcels, the forest expanded dramatically in the years to come, and by 1935 it spanned more than 20,000 acres. Appropriate to its new significance within the United States forest system, it was simply dubbed, “The Caribbean National Forest. ” 

When Black Tuesday came, and the Great Depression followed soon after, Puerto Rico was sadly unable to escape the fate of the rest of the United States. In the grip of an unprecedented national depression, President Franklin Roosevelt’s new deal programs got a swath of the population back on their own two feet.  Luckily, the El Yunque National Forest was ripe for a transformation courtesy of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The affectionately-known “tres C’s” went to work clearing the forest in order to build roads and facilities that would allow the general populace to become acquainted with the ancient rainforest. Only able to go to work with the tools they could carry on their backs, the Puerto Rican branch of the CCC was able to build a number of passages and structures that are still in use today, a testament to their industriousness, ingenuity, and craftsmanship.

Come WWII, the misty forest peak would prove useful to President Roosevelt again. The El Yunque peak served perfectly as a radar site in the Caribbean, giving early warning against German submarines and aircraft. Since then, the then-Caribbean National Forest again faded into the background of Puerto Rican life, although at least it could visited by the island’s residents. In 2007, President George W. Bush signed an executive order renaming the national forest the “El Yunque National Forest,” paying homage to Puerto Rican’s original people. El Yunque now stands as a proud symbol of Puerto Rico’s long and varied history, and of Puerto Rico herself.

White Queen

natural wonders of the world El Yunque, Cuba

First, remember that for our ancestors, large-scale work with stone was not difficult: (as we now understand them):

So let’s start.

We pay special attention to polished surfaces.

Time takes its toll, so the majority will not be as obvious as we have seen, but the essence of this does not change and it is difficult to call them purely “natural” (read, without the participation of the mind, as our science implies) formations.

For comparison, marble quarry:

The step plantation principle is mainly used in Asia for rice, but there is something similar in other places. For example, for salt in Peru:

Can you imagine the scale of such work with a pick and shovel? This is how much land you need to carefully cut to get this?

From the satellite, these steps are poorly visible, but there are such comrades:

In general, the entire south of China is full of traces of terraforming, and there are enough such examples on the planet. We will talk about them separately

We will move to South America, Machu Pikchu

The meaning is slightly different here, but the essence is the same

9000

Siece Caanon. The scale is different, but the essence is the same

“natural” steps and a polished wall in one bottle

Somewhere by agreement with the locals, their gods, the creators helped them, taught agriculture. Settled here, trained, left. Some terraces were used as beacons to make the reflection of the waters easier to see from above.

In other places, times and branches, after cataclysms or, leaving wars, the remnants of civilization with the remnants of tools made such paradises for themselves. In some, it even goes like a 3D printer did. Moreover, somewhere they immediately created a mountain along with steps, that is, the rock was initially built up in layers, and somewhere they made steps in an already finished mountain. Different civilizations had different relationships with stone and space, but the majority did not just agree with them, for them it is part of the learning process, wise teachers, guides, mentors. In places and without the participation of people, there were no physical treatment, so to speak. But this does not mean that there was no Intention, it is in everything.

There are places where there were quarries, they were later adapted. Nowadays, people hardly make these mountains, they mainly repair what is left . .. Previously, on each step they grew their own specific product, not even necessarily a plant, they could also grow crystals, some materials they needed for construction … each deity could be responsible for its step and its product. The specificity of agriculture is such that on different floors it allows different plants to get along better, to conduct currents through the roots, without interfering with each other, but complementing each other and the local microclimate. Now this knowledge has been lost, many plants are no more, so rice is mainly grown.

Q: Why are there so many of these mountains in Asia?
A: The specifics of civilization. There is a connection with the nests… a connection with the dragons… it seems to be their technology.

This passage tells about another planet, but the essence of this does not change:

Q. Let’s look at the ether compaction technology, how do they do it?
A. I see many huge funnels reaching into the sky, like ice cream cones, hanging vertically to the ground with a long and narrow end. The ether from the atmosphere is sucked into the wide neck by a spiral whirlwind, scrolls and exits from the narrow end of the already dense energy that lines the surface layer of the planet. In this layer, it is already possible to cultivate the bioworld, these are the various embryos, seeds that are being prepared in the laboratory.

Tornado – one of the types of ethereal whirlwind that works with the elements

Q. What about water, where does it come from?

A. Water is ether, just another state of aggregation. And air is all different states of ether.
Q. That is, all elements, and stones, everything is formed from ether?
O. Yes.
Q. What dominant consciousness is supposed to be on the planet? Here we have this man, and there?
A. Until this issue is resolved, those who have lost their planets will be offered to settle there. Therefore, apparently, there will be several consciousnesses, but first it must be equipped. Here is what we are doing.
Q. But these funnels – how are they projected? Are these mental constructs or machines? Who puts them up anyway? You?
A. No, these are not machines, This is Will. It’s not ours who set it up, other civilizations are engaged in funnels.
Q. Do you see them? Can you chat with them?
A. No. They are very far away. They also send their performers, just like we send our laboratory assistants. They have a supervising center that sends its emissaries to set up funnels. They are not humanoid in shape, they are such dark balls that release rays of will and form these funnels. These balls do not have an individualized consciousness, there is no personal aspect, they do not know how to communicate personally with someone, or do not want to. I feel like they’re made of dark matter. Such is their work, service – compactors of matter. They are from another world, from another space, there is nothing similar in our twelve dimensions. They were not on earth. …
in a balloon, I’m very comfortable, I’m just rising high above the planet. Something very bright shines on me. Obviously, this is the Sun of this planet. It is her parent, she is his offspring.

Q. How did it create it? Can we say that it has allocated matter for it?
A. No, it did not single out, it attracted from the Primordial Source a clot of primary matter, from which one can form one’s own planet. Here it kind of warms it, fills it with its emanations, splashes, grows it, in general, then a solid surface is formed, inside it forms a liquid crystal core and programs it, then fills the near-space, this all takes a very long time) The atmosphere is like a layer around the planet, there is, but it has no clear boundaries, it smoothly passes into space with a different quality, but they do not mix, like colors in a rainbow – they smoothly pass. There are no lattices, domes, cocoons. Since it is not entirely clear what entities will inhabit the planet, this atmosphere does not yet have strict adaptation parameters for a specific group or civilization. After all, each civilization has its own requirements for external conditions on the planet. It will be hot for someone, dry for someone, etc. Therefore, for now, in general, as a sketch, it turns out, with basic parameters that can be subsequently adjusted. There are different services for this. For example, we work everywhere with biomass, with DNA, and on the ground too.

Q. What about planetary technology? Are they different, are there many? Can individual entities, civilizations, humanoids create planets?
A. Well, in general, we can say that the principle is the same. It’s just that in this case the Sun is like a civilization with a highly organized collective consciousness and a huge energy potential, perhaps other groups of consciousnesses can also do this. I’m not sure I understand this correctly. It seems to me, all the same, from scratch – no.
Q. But they say that stars explode, collapse, what is it?
A. Yes, these are just events from a series of changes in evolutionary states. They also have birth, evolution and rebirth.
Q. And when a star explodes, can it harm the surrounding space?
A. First of all, you need a good reason for a star to explode, they don’t just explode. The reason comes from the Primary Source, the causal field controls the processes. The Sun says that this is such a high hierarchy that the motivation of the Source is not discussed. So he decided to reform part of the galaxy, and this decision is irrevocable. Another thing is that He is the Supermind and the Law of expediency. Nothing is done to the detriment of someone, it cannot be such that the elimination of any celestial body would not have been calculated all the consequences. What may seem like harm to you is not at the macro level.
Q. Well, what could be the hypothetical reason? Could this be the elimination of any civilization?
A. No. The main reason is a violation of the energy balance in some space. I feel such a grandiose scale of this Creation that I cannot even understand and explain – these are inhuman paradigms)
Q. The last question for him: Pyramids – do they relate to the condensing of the ether?
A. He says there was such technology, but it’s outdated. No longer used, the pyramids can no longer work in that original mode, they cannot be activated, resumed. After all, everything evolves, everything together, not only consciousness and technology, but the very quality of life-giving fire, life force. Therefore, as they say – New wine is not poured into old skins.

Somebody wrote in the comments that there are similar terraces in Spain. And the inhabitants of the surrounding villages have no idea where they came from.
If you live near these terraces, ask the locals when and how they appeared.

Reality is multidimensional, opinions about it are multifaceted. Only one or a few faces are shown here. You should not take them as the ultimate truth, because

Tabletop mountains are considered one of the most ancient geological formations on Earth, dating back two billion years ago. On the tops of the table mountains there are a large number of unique animals, unique plants grow that are not found anywhere else in the world. After admiring these unique wonders of nature, do not forget to leave your feedback in the comments. Also, supplement the selection with other interesting places.

In continuation of the story about the highest mountains of the continents, a selection of amazing mesas of the world follows.

1. Mount Conner.

Mount Conner has a flat top and a horseshoe shape.

2. Brown Bluff.

Situated on the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, Brown Bluff is 745 meters high. The rock itself mostly consists of ice, but in some places a red-brown color is visible. The shores in front of Brown Bluff are home to thousands of penguins.

3. Mount Asgard.

Mount Asgard, with two distinct spiky mountains and two flat peaks, is located in a national park on Baffin Island. The peak is named after Asgard, the realm of the gods in Norse mythology.

4. Kukenan.

Mountain, 2680 meters high and about 3 km long. It is located next to the more famous Mount Roraima. Kukenan is a difficult mountain, so climbers are less interested in it than Mount Roraima.

Located in Iceland, the mountain has a flat top that was formed after a volcanic eruption. The mountain is very dangerous and landslides often occur on it. The first ascent was made in 1908.

6. Debre Damo.

Debre Damo is the flattest mountain in northern Ethiopia. On the mountain is the oldest monastery built in the 6th century by Syrian monks. The monastery has a library of manuscripts, preserved from the earliest existence of the monastery.

7. Canyonlands.

Canyonlands in eastern Utah is a national park with colorful scenery, erosion, mountains and hills. The Colorado and Green Rivers divide the park into several districts. One area is an island in the sky, a place with amazing views.

8. Auyantepuy.

Auyantepuy, which means “Devil’s Mountain” in the Pemon language, is the most visited place in Venezuela. The world’s tallest waterfall, Angel Falls, falls from crevices near the summit of Auyantepuy.

9. Mount Roraima.

Mount Roraima is the highest (2772 meters) and the most famous in Venezuela. Mount Roraima became famous in 1912 when Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote his novel The Lost World. He describes the ascent of Mount Roraima, how the mountain expedition went in search of prehistoric plants and dinosaurs.

10. Table Mountain.

Overlooking Cape Town, Table Mountain is the most famous tabletop mountain in the world. The highest point on the mountain is 1086 meters above sea level.

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14-01-2013, 23:31

Table Mountains are one of the oldest geological formations on Earth, which formed about two billion years ago. The tops of such mountains, like huge tabletops, are home to rare plants and a large number of unique animals that are found nowhere else on the planet.

Mount Conner

Australia is home to one of the brightest representatives of canteens – Mount Conner, the top of which is completely flat, and the rock itself has the shape of a horseshoe.

Brown Bluff

The 745-meter Mount Brown Bluff is located in the north of the Antarctic Peninsula. Although the rock is mostly ice, it is called “brown cliff” because in places where a pronounced reddish-brown vitreous mineral hyaloclastite is visible from under the snow cover. The shores at the foot of Brown Bluff are home to thousands of gentoo penguins and kelp gulls.

Mount Asgard

Within the Baffin Island National Park is Mount Asgard, which has two distinct flat-topped hills. Asgard is named after the mythological celestial Asgard, the abode of the aesir gods.

Kukenan

Another flat-topped mountain located in Venezuela, on the border with Guyana, not far from the famous Roraima peak – Mount Kukenan, which reaches a height of 2680 meters and a width of about three kilometers. It is considered one of the most difficult to comprehend, which is why climbers are less interested in it.

Heroubreio

Table mountain Heroubreio is located in Iceland. It was formed after a volcanic eruption and is very dangerous, because collapses often occur here. She was first conquered at 1908 year.

Debre Damo

Mount Debre Damo has the flattest peak in the world and is located in northern Ethiopia. Here is also the oldest Christian monastery, which was built by Syrian monks in the VI century. Since the foundation of the monastery, it has kept a library of ancient manuscripts.

Canyonlands

Canyonlands National Park, located in eastern Utah, is home to many rock formations, including flat-topped mountains. There are stunningly beautiful landscapes of huge hills and mountain erosion. The Green River and Colorado Rivers flow through the park, dividing it into several districts. One of the most beautiful places is the Island in the Sky District.

Auyantepuy

Mount Auyantepuy is one of the most visited natural attractions in Venezuela, whose name means “Devil Mountain” in the Pemon language. Here, the highest Angel Falls in the world fall from the crevices of Auyantepuy.

Table mountains

mountains with flat tops and more or less steep, sometimes stepped slopes. The flat surface of this year is usually composed of hard and fracture-resistant rocks that form an orogenic layer. Vast territories, the relief of which is determined by the predominance of this year, are called table countries (for example, the Turgai Plateau and Ustyurt in the USSR, the Karru Plateau in South Africa).

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia
.
1969-1978
.

See what “Table Mountains” is in other dictionaries:

Isolated hills formed during the dissection of a highly elevated stratal plain or plateau; have steep slopes and flat tops, armored with erosion-resistant rocks . ..

Isolated uplands resulting from the dissection of a highly elevated stratal plain or plateau; have steep slopes and flat tops, armored with erosion-resistant rocks. * * * TABLE MOUNTAINS TABLE MOUNTAINS, … … Encyclopedic Dictionary

Isolated uplands resulting from the dissection of a highly elevated stratal plain or plateau; have steep slopes and flat tops, armored to resist forge erosion. rocks … Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

Dining countries
– (tableland) Tableland, plateau or any other relatively elevated area of ​​the earth’s surface with flat relief. On their periphery, where S. c. strongly dissected, island mesas are often formed … Countries of the world. Dictionary

See Denudation mountains. Geological dictionary: in 2 volumes. M.: Nedra. Edited by K. N. Paffengolts et al. 1978 … Geological Encyclopedia

Tauride Mountains, in the south of the Crimean peninsula. The length is about 150 km, the width is up to 50 km. Composed of shale, sandstone, limestone. They consist of 3 ridges: the Southern, or Main, ridge (Yaila), which is a table limestone massif … … Encyclopedic Dictionary

South Africa; SOUTH AFRICA. In the language of one of the local tribes, these are the Kwathlamba mountains, a rocky place, a heap of rocks. The Boers called them the Drakensberg Dragon Mountains because of their inaccessibility and wildness. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: … … Geographic Encyclopedia

– (Tauride Mountains) in the south of the Crimean Peninsula. Length approx. 150 km, width up to 50 km. Composed of shale, sandstone, limestone. They consist of 3 ridges: the Southern, or Main, ridge (Yaila), representing table limestone massifs (height up to … … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Modern Encyclopedia

Dragon Mountains
– DRAGON MOUNTAINS, in southeast Africa, mainly in South Africa, part of the Great Escarpment. Height up to 3482 m (Mount Thabana Ntlenyana). Table tops and steeply sloping stepped plateaus are characteristic. Serve as a watershed between short rivers pool … … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Icarus, Alberto Vasquez-Figueroa. Dramatic and captivating, based on real events, the story of the development of one of the most mysterious places on the planet — Venezuelan Guiana, where ancient mesas are located…

Ireland is a country of legends, green hills and various extraordinary beauties of nature. And one such strange but beautiful wonder is Mount Ben Bulben.

Mount Ben Balben is located in County Sligo, in the far north-west of Ireland, 10 kilometers north of the city of Sligo. The height of the mountain is 527 meters. Ben Bulben towers over the entire county of Sligo and is its symbol. Along with Knocknary and Croag Patrick, Ben Bulben is one of the 3 most famous mountains in Ireland.

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According to Irish legends, this mountain was inhabited by a monstrous boar from Ben Bulben, who was killed by Diarmuid and buried in the hill of Lech-on-muik, near Drumcliff. In Drumcliffe, at the foot of Ben Bulben, according to his desire, the great Irish poet W. B. Yeats is buried.

It is believed that today the mountain looks exactly like this during the last ice age. It is known that initially it had a high “hump”, which was cut off by a creeping glacier. Ben Bulben is composed almost entirely of limestone rocks.

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Mount Ben Balben belongs to table mountains
. Table Mountain
(German: Tafelberg)
, Spanish mesa
– in the lane. table
) – a mountain with a truncated, flat top. As a rule, table mountains are composed of sedimentary rocks. The slopes of such mountains are usually steep, almost sheer. In the section, this type of geological formations has an elongated shape, that is, in one of the directions, the plateau at the top of the mountain is elongated. Table mountains owe their shape, truncated in the upper part, to the processes of denudation – erosion and weathering. One of the varieties of table mountains are those mountains in which their flat top is not composed of sedimentary rocks, but is covered with a hardened volcanic crust of lava.

B
Ireland, since the thirteenth century, there has been a highly developed and popular genre of poetry of the place. The description of mountains, valleys and lakes in a nostalgic and romantic way, often combined with the lamentations of an exile, is a typical feature of Celtic bardic poetry. One of the poems of this genre is Oisin’s praise of Mount Ben Bulben (its original, “real” name is Benn Gulbain), whose powerful silhouette dominates the city of Sligo in the west of Ireland – in that region that is often called the “country of Yeats”.

The poem belongs to the so-called Finn cycle:

Benn Gulbain is not the same now,
is gloomy and dull, like death,
but, it used to be, from those heights
it was marvelous to look at!

Leaping deer through the bushes,
wheezing of dogs and catches cry –
you knew many strong ones,
oh mountain of great battles!

Herons moan in the evenings,
wind noise in the night branches;
it was marvelous in the morning
to listen to the singing of the first birds.