El morro castle puerto rico: San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

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December 24, 2022
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El Morro Castle, San Juan, Puerto Rico Stock Photo by ©TallyPic 17695815

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The edge and coastline of the El Morro Castle in San Juan, Puerto Rico

— Photo by TallyPic

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Castillo San Felipe del Morro, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Growing up, I hated visiting historical and educational monuments and museums. The last thing I wanted to do on vacation was learn. Couldn’t we simply go to Disney World and see Cinderella’s castle – much prettier and restored than most other battled-wounded castles and forts. Not to mention there’s a variety of fun rides, exciting shows, and delicious food. How could my parents not see the appeal?

While I still love Disney, and am down to visit there any time, I’ve also found that with growing up, historical and educational monuments aren’t always so bad. In fact, they’re sometimes cool – and some are located near things better than rides, shows, and food – like the Bacardi Distillery. Hello, free alcohol samples – something not too common just about anywhere. (Although there was some education to that, more than I expected. All I knew about alcohol was that I bought it at a store, drank, and had a good time; but there’s way more to making alcohol than meets the eye.)

However, the monument I want to tell you about isn’t the Bacardi Distillery; it’s the Castillo San Felipe del Morro (also known as Fort San Felipe del Morro or Morro Castle) in old San Juan, Puerto Rico. An old Spanish fort, built to protect against seaborne attacks on San Juan in the 16th century, Morro Castle was declared a National Park in 1961, and a World Heritage Site by the United Nations in 1983. In present day, you can take a guided tour through the fort or explore on your own.

And explore on our own was exactly what we did (with pairs of good shoes – seriously, you will need good shoes).

Alongside the Pacific Ocean, we first walked around the city wall (also known as Paseo del Morro trail), built to protect the fort. Looking up, we couldn’t see much past the walls, but it sure was beautiful. We saw several cruise ships on the crystal blue water, heading to the Old San Juan port. We also saw several cats – but don’t feed. They’re taken care of the government, as seen by several hidden cat liters and food bowls among the bushes.

Finally, we made it to the entry way. .. and just in time. Puerto Rico is known for daily rain showers. Luckily they only last a few minutes, but you still better take cover or risk being soaked. The temperature dropped a significant amount, which was nice from walking in 80 degree heat with the sun beating down on us for over two hours.

Exploring the castle is hard work. There are so many different levels, steep stairs, doors, rooms that we weren’t sure if we had seen the entire place, let alone how to get out. Surprising, since El Morro is less than 27 acres, making it quite small. However, size doesn’t me much when out of 5 battles, only one resulted in a takeover. And that takeover only lasted a matter of weeks because a case of dysentery struck them and forced any survivors to withdraw and return the fort. Way to go, small guy.

Because El Morro is located at the entrance of the San Juan Bay, it’s only fitting it has a lighthouse to help guide ship’s ways. First lit in 1908, the lighthouse still serves its purpose to this day.

When El Morro was fully functioning it was said to have had over 200 canons. Today, there are only a few set up for show, but if you look closely at the ground you can see the tracks the canons followed to be moved from one location to the next. In several places throughout the fort, you could find piles of old cannon balls.

One of my favorite shooting places was within the towers, even though a cannon wasn’t likely to fit there, but a gunsman could. It was amazing to me that they could shoot through the small, rectangular windows.

Unlike museums, El Morro differs in that it doesn’t exactly set you up with what each room used to be. While several did have plaques with information about the fort or the occasional artifact, you really had to put your imagination to use on what the rooms were used for. With so many trap doors, it’s not hard to get your imagination rolling. Perhaps doing it that way isn’t so bad, because you really don’t want to see what they used as a bathroom. Seriously, you don’t.

El Morro is an interesting fort to discover, because no matter where you look, you will see something that ignites your interest. Maybe it’s the plaque about how to shoot a cannon, or the three flags that the fort waves, or the spiral staircase.

From the top of the fort, you’re able to see the gorgeous city of old San Juan: its various cemeteries, brightly-colored houses, and shoreline. For miles, there’s nothing but peaceful beauty. Depending on where you stand upon the fort, you can see across the way to the Bacardi distillery, or if you’re like my family, you can pretend it’s where Pirates of the Caribbean was filmed.

(Don’t tell me you don’t see a slight resemblance.)

After all that walking and sightseeing, you’re probably hungry. You should check out my recommendations in Foodie Finds: Where to eat in San Juan to finish off your day.

Brianna Krueger is the Chief Editor of Wandering Educators

All photos courtesy and copyright Brianna Krueger

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Defensive forts of Havana (Cuba) | Vectorme, Vectormi

Fort San Carlos de la Cabaña in Havana

There is often confusion on the net about the names and locations of the most famous Cuban forts, in this article we will deal with this issue in detail.

In Havana, during the Spanish occupation, the construction of a number of castles and fortresses began to defend the city. The castle of royal power, the oldest of all, was built first. After him, the castle of Ed Morro was built, and across the strait, the castle of Punta, and finally, to complement and strengthen all these structures, a fortress was built San Carlos de la Cabaña .

This impregnable fortress was built in the eighteenth century, after the conquest of Havana by the British, to make up for the shortcomings of the nearby castle of El Morro.

The English captured Havana in 1762, besieging Morro Castle from the very hill where La Cabaña stands today.

It was then that the Spaniards realized that they needed a new fort to supplement the city’s defenses.

It was the most expensive building funded by Spain outside the peninsula, and the largest fortress in all of America.

In addition to defensive functions, the fort was also used as a prison for many years.

With the triumph of the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Che Guevara established his command center in San Carlos de la Cabaña.

Numerous executions were also carried out at this time, mainly supporters of the deposed President Batista.

Today, Fortaleza San Carlos de la Cabana functions as a historical park along with the Castle del Morro. Inside there is a museum of fortifications and weapons, the cultural center of Che Guevara, as well as restaurants and shops.

The Canon Shot Ceremony, at San Carlos de la Cabaña Fortress, in Old Havana, Cuba

90 “Cannonade of the Nine”, recreated by military men dressed in 18th century uniforms. This ritual is a daily cannon volley at 21:00 and recalls the time when Havana was surrounded by walls, the doors of which were closed every day exactly at 9evenings.

Fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña opening hours:

daily from 08:00 to 23:00.

Entrance fee to the fortress of La Cabaña:

6 CUC.

You can get to the place by taxi through the Havana tunnel or book a trip as part of a tour.

San Carlos de la Cabaña on the map

Castle of the Three Kings El Morro

El Castillo de los Tres Reyes Magos del Morro, or simply “El Morro” for short, is often used to refer not only to a Spanish colonial-era fort, but also to a two-part defensive complex that called the Military Historical Park of Morro Cabaña.

The fort was built between 1589 and 1630 by the Italian engineer Gianbatista Antonelli to protect the entrance to Havana from pirates and other colonists seeking control of this strategically important transit hub between Europe and America.

Located at the entrance to the Gulf of Havana, it was one of the strategic points of defense during the Spanish occupation.

Since then, it has been one of the most recognizable buildings in Havana and is now one of its symbols.

The design of its exterior walls is tied to the landscape, creating a polygon of huge walls 3 meters high.

The most iconic point is the Del Morro Lighthouse, which has been illuminating the entry of ships since 1844.

From its height of 30 meters offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the Malecon in Havana, which looks especially colorful at sunset.

As the oldest lighthouse in the Americas and the most iconic in Cuba, on September 25, 2008 it was twinned with the Tower of Hercules de La Coruña, the world’s oldest operating lighthouse.

Today the fortress can be reached by ferry or by road around the bay. The unusual shape of the castle surrounds the rocky cliffs of the bay with impressively thick walls. Although the strength of the castle was tested in many battles, it was unable to withstand the attack of the British in 1762 when they took control of Havana. A year later, Havana was again returned to Spain, and King Carlos III immediately ordered the construction of a new fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña to prevent an attack from land, and it became the largest Spanish colonial fortress in the Americas, covering an area of about 10 hectares. .

In Morro you can visit the Maritime Museum, the complex is also dotted with craft shops and small shops of all kinds, so it’s a great place to shop for souvenirs.

But by far the best way to enjoy Morro is at sunset. You can feel the power of this majestic Caribbean structure sitting on the massive old castle walls. You can hear the waves crash against its mighty walls and watch the lights turn on as the sun slowly sets over Old Havana. You can take some amazing shots of the Havana skyline painted in magenta

Castillo el Morro opening hours:

Monday to Friday from 09:00 to 17:00, Saturdays and Sundays from 08:00 to 16:00.

General entrance to El Morro

costs 6 CUC, to which, if you wish, you can add 2 CUC and you will be able to climb the lighthouse.

The Castle of the Three Kings El Morro can be reached by taxi.

Fort El Morro on the map

Castle of the Royal Force (Havana)

Located next to the Plaza de Armas, it was part of the defensive ensemble that existed in the city during colonial times.

This was the first fortress built in Havana, in fact it is considered the oldest stone fortress in America.

Work began in 1558 and was completed in 1577, although it soon lost its defensive function due to its distance from the bay.

In 1588 it became the residence of the governor of Havana, later it functioned as the National Archives, army barracks and the National Library.

Today it houses a museum of royal power, and in its impressive moat is Cuba’s most important maritime museum.

The most notable element of the fortress is the tower on which the Giraldilla, added in 1634, is a weather vane in the shape of a woman, which is one of the symbols of the city, as well as the oldest bronze sculpture in Cuba.

The weather vane that can be seen today above the waiting tower is a copy, the original is kept in the City Museum.

Royal Force Castle opening hours: daily from 09:00 to 18:30.

Admission is free.

Castle of San Salvador de la Punta

Located at the entrance to the Gulf of Havana, together with the castle of Morro, it formed the main line of defense during the Spanish occupation.

Construction work started at 1590, in parallel with work in the nearby Castillo del Morro.

Because of this proximity, starting in 1630, when the cannonade of the nine was first heard and the gates of the fortress wall were closed, a heavy copper chain was stretched between the two fortresses to block access to the bay.

The castle of San Salvador de la Punta continued to carry out military functions until Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. In 1997, a deep reconstruction was carried out to create a castle museum.

Currently, you can see the room that tells the history of the fortress, as well as an exhibition of ships built on the island, and a Treasure room with items found at the bottom of the sea.

San Salvador de la Punta Castle opening hours:

from Wednesday to Sunday from 10:00 to 18:00.